edited by
Maria Luisa Dalla Chiara
University of Florence, Italy
Roberto Giuntini
University of Cagliari, Italy
Federico Laudisa
University of Florence, Italy
Selected Contributed Papers of the Tenth International
Congress of Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of
Science, Florence, August 1995
SYNTHESE LIBRARY Volume 281
A vivid and comprehensive picture of the current state of
research in all
directions of logic and philosophy of science. The book presents
a wide
combination of papers containing relevant technical results in
the
foundations of science and papers devoted to conceptual analyses,
deeply
rooted in advanced present-day research.
Audience: The volume is attractive both for specialists in
foundational
questions and scholars interested in general epistemology.
Contents and Contributors
Editorial. Part I: Epistemology and Philosophy of Language. A
Realism, Idealism, and General Terms; E. Bencivenga. From Normal
Machine to Social Colony: Toward a Complex Dynamical Philosophy
of Science; W.E. Herfel, C.A. Hooker. Observation and Reliable
Detection;
P. Humphreys. Conceptual Idealism and Stove's Gem; A. Musgrave.
Holism in Artificial Intelligence; C. Penco. Part II: Philosophy
of Probability. Model Selection for Causal Theories; B.
Desjardins.
Nonstandard Analysis and a Classification of Probability Spaces;
S. Fajardo. Some Remarks on Objective Chance (F.P. Ramsey, K.R.
Popper and N.R. Campbell); M.C. Galavotti. Misapprehensions about
Significance Tests and Bayesianism; M.G. Sandrini. Part III:
Philosophy
and Foundations of Physics. The Quantum Probabilistic Approach to
the Foundations of Quantum Theory: Urns and Chameleons; L.
Accardi.
The Creation-discovery-view: Towards a Possible Explanation of
Quantum Reality; D. Aerts, B. Coecke. Virtual Reality:
Consequences of
No-Go Theorems for the Modal Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics;
G. Bacciagaluppi, P. Vermaas. Is Chaos Indeterministic?
R.C. Bishop, F.M. Kronz. Wormholes and Timelike Curves: Is There
Room for the Grandfather Paradox? G. Boniolo.
John von Neumann met Kurt Gedel: Undecidable Statements in
Quantum Mechanics; T. Breuer. Set-theoretical
Models for Quantum Systems; N.C. da Costa, D. Krause. Non-Ideal
Measurements and Physical Possibility in Quantum Mechanics;
M. Del Seta, M. Su疵ez. Time, Relativity, and the Spatiality of
Mental Events; M. Dorato. Bell-type Inequalities and Orthomodular
Lattices;
A. Dvurecenskij. An Informal Presentation of Semantic Realism and
Its Solution of Quantum Paradoxes; C. Garola. Individualistic
versus
Statistical Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics; P. Mittelstaedt.
The Locality Scandal of Quantum Mechanics; F.A. Muller.
Uncertainty and
Dependence in Classical and Quantum Logic ・the Role of
Triangular Norms. Quantum Logics and Quantum Measurements; M.
Navara, P.
Pt疚. Quantum Logics and Quantum Measurements; S. Pulmannov・
Attempt at the Logical Explanation of the Wave-particle duality;
J. Pykacz. Part IV: History of Science. The Bohr-Einstein Photon
Box Debate; D.
Dieks. Kantianism and Physics from the 19th to the 20th Century.
Part V: Science and Music. Epimoric Ratios and Greek Musical
Theory;
F. Bellissima. Music and Science; G. Toraldo di Francia.
Hardbound, ISBN 0-7923-5727-2
August 1999, 368 pp.
Hardbound Set of 2 vols. with 0-7923-5659-4, ISBN 0-7923-5867-8
July 1999
Fred Vollmer
University of Bergen, Dept. of Psychology, Norway
SYNTHESE LIBRARY Volume 283
Who ・or what ・is an agent? How ・in virtue of what ・does
an agent do
things, or refrain from doing them?
In this attempt to understand the concept of agent causality,
Vollmer
proposes that persons are in control of their actions in virtue
of reflective
consciousness, consisting of a primary, intrinsic,
nonobservational
awareness of one's own activity, and a capacity to form
second-order
thoughts about such activity.
According to traditional action theory, only behaviour that an
agent is aware
of performing (under some description) counts as action. In
Vollmer's view,
however, reflective consciousness plays a more important role
than just
determining what someone is doing, or under what description the
action is
intentional. Reflective consciousness is what gives you control
and renders
you free. Reflective consciousness is what you are.
Readership: Professionals and students interested in theoretical
psychology
and the theory of action.
Contents
1. Problems with the Common Sense Theory of Action. 2.
Frankfurt's
Solution. 3. Theories of Agent Causality. 4. Persons. 5.
Reflective
Consciousness. 6. Empirical Research. 7. The EPI-Phenomenalist
Problem.
8. Is the Self a Social Construction? 9. Darkness, Madness and
Childhood.
10. Overall Summary and Conclusions. References. Name Index.
Subject
Index.
Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht
Hardbound, ISBN 0-7923-5848-1
August 1999, 176 pp.
Andreas Enge
Institut fur Mathematik, Universitat Augsburg, Germany
An Introduction
Since their invention in the late seventies, public key
cryptosystems have
become an indispensable asset in establishing private and secure
electronic
communication, and this need, given the tremendous growth of the
Internet, is
likely to continue growing. Elliptic curve cryptosystems
represent the state of
the art for such systems.
Elliptic Curves and Their Applications to Cryptography: An
Introduction
provides a comprehensive and self-contained introduction to
elliptic curves
and how they are employed to secure public key cryptosystems.
Even though
the elegant mathematical theory underlying cryptosystems is
considerably
more involved than for other systems, this text requires the
reader to have
only an elementary knowledge of basic algebra. The text
nevertheless leads to
problems at the forefront of current research, featuring chapters
on point
counting algorithms and security issues. The Adopted unifying
approach treats
with equal care elliptic curves over fields of even
characteristic, which are
especially suited for hardware implementations, and curves over
fields of odd
characteristic, which have traditionally received more attention.
Elliptic Curves and Their Applications: An Introduction has been
used
successfully for teaching advanced undergraduate courses. It will
be of
greatest interest to mathematicians, computer scientists, and
engineers who
are curious about elliptic curve cryptography in practice,
without losing the
beauty of the underlying mathematics.
Contents
List of Tables. List of Figures. Foreword. Preface. 1. Public Key
Cryptography. 2. The Group Law on Elliptic Curves. 3. Elliptic
Curves Over
Finite Fields. 4. The Discrete Logarithm Problem. 5. Counting
Points On
Elliptic Curves. References. Index
Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston
Hardbound, ISBN 0-7923-8589-6
August 1999, 184 pp.
by A Ehrenfeucht (University of Colorado, Boulder,
USA), T Harju (University of Turku, Finland)
& G Rozenberg (Leiden University, The Netherlands)
The theory of 2-structures provides a convenient framework for
decomposition and transformation of mathematical systems
where one or several different binary relationships hold between
the objects of the system. In particular, it forms a useful
framework for decomposition and transformation of graphs.
The decomposition methods presented in this book correspond
closely to the top-down design methods studied in computer
science.
The transformation methods considered here have a natural
interpretation in the dynamic evolution of certain kinds of
communication
networks. From the mathematical point of view, the clan
decomposition method presented here, also known as modular
decomposition or substitution decomposition, is closely related
to the decomposition by quotients in algebra. The transformation
method presented here
is based on labelled 2-structures over groups, the theory of
which generalizes the well-studied theory of switching classes of
graphs.
This book is both a text and a monograph. As a monograph, the
results concerning the decomposition and transformation of
2-structures
are presented in a unified way. In addition, detailed notes on
references are provided at the end of each chapter. These notes
allow the
reader to trace the origin of many notions and results, and to
browse through the literature in order to extend the material
presented
in the book.
To facilitate its use as a textbook, there are numerous examples
and exercises which provide an opportunity for the reader to
check
his or her understanding of the discussed material. Furthermore,
the text begins with preliminaries on partial orders, semigroups,
groups and graphs to the extent needed for the book.
Contents:
Graph Theoretical Preliminaries
2-Structures and Their Clans
Quotients and Homomorphisms
Clan Decomposition
Primitive 2-Structures
Angular 2-Structures
Labelled 2-Structures
Unstable Labelled 2-Structures
Automorphisms of Labelled 2-Structures
Switching of Graphs
Labelled Structures Over Groups
Clans of Switching Classes
Quotients and Plane Trees
Invariants
Readership: Students and researchers interested in modern
developments in graph theory,
and in graph-based models in theoretical computer science.
300pp (approx.)
Pub. date: Autumn 1999
ISBN 981-02-4042-2
ISBN: 0-471-31852-3
Hardcover
Pages: 269
Published: Jul 1999
The subject of analysis lies at the foundation of the development
of mathematics. This book is an accessible analysis text that
conveys
history while being "more honest about the way good
mathematics is done". The title provides a cross section of
the huge variety of
interesting mathematical phenomena that analysts have thought
about over the centuries. Professor Stahl's book begins with an
interesting series of classic and famous problems that were first
discussed by some of the greatest mathematicians of all time.
Reprints of
these famous original articles are included. The book then moves
to more traditional advanced calculus, covering the essential
core of the
subject. Finally, the examples are revisited with the additional
mathematical tools provided by this book and the loose ends are
tied up.
Contents
Archimedes and the Parabola.
Fermat, Differentiation, and Integration.
Newton's Calculus (Part 1).
Newton's Calculus (Part 2).
Euler.
The Real Numbers.
Sequences and Their Limits.
The Cauchy Property.
The Convergence of Infinite Series.
Series of Functions.
Continuity.
Differentiability.
Uniform Convergence.
The Vindication.
Appendices.
Solutions to Selected Exercises.
Bibliography.
Michael R. Chernick (Cordis Webster, A Johnson and Johnson Company, Diamond Bar, California)
ISBN: 0-471-34912-7
Hardcover
Pages: 272
Published: Sep 1999
Bootstrap methods have seen a surge of research activity in
recent years, generating new theoretical developments, real-world
applications, and critical reviews of its performance in solving
various problems. This book introduces the bootstrap method at a
remarkably practical, accessible level. Michael Chernick, highly
recognized for his encyclopedic knowledge of the field, presents
numerous
recent results and applications, clearly explains when the
bootstrap method is not effective or appropriate, and connects it
with older and
more traditional sampling methods.
Contents
What is Bootstrapping?
Estimation.
Confidence Sets and Hypothesis Testing.
Regression Analysis.
Forecasting and Time Series Analysis.
Which Resampling Method Should You Use?
Efficient and Effective Simulation.
Special Topics.
When Does Bootstrapping Fail?
Bibliography.
Indexes.
Series Title:
Wiley Series in Probability and Mathematical Statistics - Applied
Probability and Statistics Section
Luigi Ambrosio, Professor, Scuola Normale
Superiore, Pisa, Nicola Fusco,
Professor, Department of Mathematics, Universita di Firenze, and
Diego Pallara,
Professor, Department of Mathematics, Universita di Lecce
448 pages, 2 halftones, 25 line figures, 234mm x 156mm
Series: Oxford Mathematical Monographs
Hardback, 0-19-850245-1
Publication date: 20-01-2000
Description
Readership: Primary market: Postgraduate mathematics students and
researchers
working in calculus of variation and geometric measure theory.
Secondary Market:
Postgraduate students and researchers working in mathematical
physics and
applied mathematics.
This book deals with a class of mathematical problems which
involve the
minimization of the sum of a volume and a surface energy and have
lately been
refered to as 'free discontinuity problems'. Examples of such
problems come
from fracture mechanics, image analysis, or the theory of phase
transitions. A
systematic introduction to this field, this book is highly
suitable for
graduate students, bridging the gap between research level texts
and
elementary textbooks on measure theory and calculus of variation.
Contents
Measure Theory
Basic Geometric Measure Theory
Functions of bounded variation
Special functions of bounded variation
Semicontinuity in BV
The Mumford-Shah functional
Minimisers of free continuity problems
Regularity of the free discontinuity set
References
Index
Kjeld Laursen, Department of Mathematics,
University of Copenhagen, and
Michael Neumann, Department of Mathematics, Mississippi State
University
Thorough update of the area
Careful writing style with most details of arguments included
A wealth of new results
Careful cross references
Extensive literature references
512 pages, 234mm x 156mm
Series: London Mathematical Society Monographs
Table of contents
Details
Hardback (laminated boards),
0-19-852381-5
Publication date: 28-02-2000
Description
Readership: Researchers and graduate students in operator theory
This book is a modern treatment of a classical area of operator
theory.
Written in a meticulous and detailed style, with the modern
graduate student
of analysis in mind, it contains many simplifications of existing
literature.
It is full of new results, as well as many illuminating examples.
Carefully
cross referenced throughout, it also includes an extensive list
of the
relevant literature.
Contents
1 Decomposable operators
2 Functional models, duality theory, and invariant subspaces
3 The spectrum and spectral inclusions
4 Local spectral theory for multipliers
5 Connections to automatic continuity
6 Open problems
Appendix
Bibliography
Index of notation
Index
Edited by Koichi Furukawa, Stephen Muggleton, Professor of
Machine
Learning, University of York, and Donald Michie, University of
Edinburgh
Gives a state-of-the-art snapshot of progress right across the
field of
Artificial Intelligence (AI).
Includes contributions from most of the top AI scientists.
544 pages, 234mm x 156mm
Details
Hardback, 0-19-853867-7
Publication date: 02-10-1999
Description
Readership: Graduates and researchers in the field of artificial
intelligence.
Professionals in research and development concerned with
artificial intelligence.
Graduate students and researchers interested in computing more
generally.
This is the fifteenth volume in the Machine Intelligence series,
founded in
1965 by Donald Michie, and includes papers by a number of eminent
AI figures
including John McCarthy, Alan Robinson, Robert Kowalski and Mike
Genesereth.
The book is centred on the theme of intelligent agents and covers
a wide range
of topics including representations of consciousness, SoftBots,
parallel
implementations of logic, machine learning, machine vision and
machine-based
scientific discovery in molecular biology.
Contents
CONSCIOUSNESS AND CAUSATION
1 Making robots conscious of their mental states
2 A framework for verbalizing unconscious knowledge based on
inductive
logic programming
3 Legal responsibility and causation
4 Adapting Good's Q theory to the causation of individual events
COMPUTER VISION
5 Making robots see
AGENTS THAT LEARN
6 A framework for behavioural cloning
7 Control skill, machine learning and handcrafting in controller
design
8 Personalized mail agent using inductive logic programming
9 An experiment with browsers that learn
10 Toward incremental knowledge correction for agents in complex
environments
11 The spontaneous self-organization of an adaptive language
FORMALISMS AND MODELS OF LEARNING
12 Developments in computational learning and discovery theory
within the
framework of elementary formal systems
13 A learnability model for universal representations and its
application to
top-down induction of decision trees
14 A learning mechanism for logic programs using dynamically
shared
substructures
15 PAC-learning of preference relations over interpretations in
lazy
nonmonotonic reasoning
16 Tables, graphs and logic for induction
APPLIED SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERY
17 A connectionist approach to numeric law discovery
18 Drug design by machine learning
CONCURRENT DECLARATIVE PROGRAMMING
19 Debugging for a declarative programming language
20 A massively parallel simplification logic for functional and
relational
computing
HISTORY OF COMPUTING
21 The Turing-Wilkinson lecture series on the automatic computing
engine
22 A lecture and two broadcasts on machine intelligence by Alan
Turing
23 Repairs to Turing's universal computing machine
24 W. S. Jevons: his logical machine and work on induction and
Boolean
algebra
NEW PREFACE
Winner of the 1990 Science Book Prize.
Concerning Computers, Minds, and the Laws of Physics
Sir Roger Penrose, Rouse Ball Professor of Mathematics,
University of Oxford
* With a new Preface by the author
632 pages, numerous figures, 196mm x 129mm
Paperback, 0-19-286198-0
Publication date: 04-03-1999
Description
'perhaps the most engaging and creative tour of modern physics
that has
ever been written' -Sunday Times
Readership: General readers, especially of popular science,
students and
lecturers of philosophy who are interested in learning about
quantum mechanics,
relativity, computability, Godel's theorem, and cosmology.
In his bestselling work of popular science, Sir Roger Penrose
takes us on a
fascinating roller-coaster ride through the basic principles of
physics,
cosmology, mathematics, and philosophy to show that human
thinking can never
be emulated by a machine.
Contents
Prologue; 1. Can a computer have a mind?; 2. Algorithms and
Turing
Machines; 3. Mathematics and Reality; 4. Truth, Proof, and
Insight;
5. The Classical World; 6. Quantum Magic and Quantum Mystery;
7. Cosmology and the Arrow of Time; 8. In Search of Quantum
Gravity; 9. Real brains and Model Brains; 10. Where Lies the
Physics of the Mind?; Epilogue; References; Index.