Michael W. Berry and Murray Browne
Software, Environments, and Tools 8
Understanding Search Engines discusses many of the key design
issues for building search engines and emphasizes the important
roles that applied mathematics can play in improving information
retrieval. The authors discuss not only important data
structures, algorithms, and software but also user-centered
issues such as interfaces, manual indexing, and document
preparation.
The authors bridge the gap between applied mathematics and
information retrieval. They discuss some of the current problems
in information
retrieval that may not be familiar to applied mathematicians and
computer scientists and present some of the driving computational
methods (SVD, SDD) for automated conceptual indexing.
This book uses a new approach to the subject by introducing
topics in a nontechnical way and provides insights into common
problems found in
information retrieval. The more mathematical details are provided
in sidebars or are offset from the regular text.
Audience
Prerequisites include a year of undergraduate mathematics
(calculus) and an introductory level course in linear algebra.
The information science
aspects do not necessarily require formal coursework in
information retrieval, but some internet knowledge and experience
is necessary. The book
serves as an excellent companion text for courses in information
retrieval, applied linear algebra, and scientific computing.
Database managers
wishing to redesign a company's information retrieval system and
scientists wanting to build intelligent indexing systems for
large text collections
will find this volume essential.
About the Authors
Michael W. Berry is Associate Professor of Computer Science at
the University of Tennessee. He is a member of SIAM, ACM, and the
IEEE
Computer Society. He is coauthor of Templates for the Solution of
Linear Systems: Building Blocks for Iterative Methods (SIAM,
1993). Murray
Browne is a Research Associate in the Department of Computer
Science at the University of Tennessee. He is a member of ASIS
and has published
numerous essays, book reviews, and feature stories.
Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction; Chapter 2: Document File Preparation;
Chapter 3: Vector Space Models; Chapter 4: Matrix Decompositions;
Chapter 5:
Query Management; Chapter 6: Ranking and Relevance Feedback;
Chapter 7: User Interface Considerations; Chapter 8: A Course
Project; Chapter
9: Further Reading; Bibliography; Index.
1999 / xiv + 116 pages / Softcover / ISBN 0-89871-437-0
Michael E. Henderson, Christopher R. Anderson, and Stephen L. Lyons, editors
Proceedings in Applied Mathematics 99
There is a growing awareness in universities and industrial and
government laboratories that object oriented methods have the
potential to greatly improve the usefulness of computers in
science and engineering. There are many efforts underway to
redesign and re-implement large codes written in the 1970s and
1980s to take advantage of the improvement in maintainability and
flexibility that object oriented designs offer.
Repositories such as Netlib and indices like GAMS have improved
our ability to share code, but making the shared code useful
requires widespread agreement about how the code is structured
and how scientific and engineering codes should interoperate.
This volume contains papers presented at the October 1998 SIAM
Workshop on Object Oriented Methods for Interoperable Scientific
and
Engineering Computing that covered a variety of topics and issues
related to designing and implementing computational tools for
science and
engineering. Some examples include tools for ODEs and PDEs,
discussions of how to write abstract code without loss of
performance, and practical advice based on experiences.
The book includes experiences of both developers and industrial
users of software, highlighting the difficult issues and merits
of different approaches used in the aircraft, automotive, and
petroleum industries, as well as national laboratories. There are
also "real-world" papers in which authors have used
spreadsheets, problem-solving environments like MATLAB, and other
non-API interfaces to meet the demands of engineering user
communities.
Audience
Anyone who is involved in developing or implementing mathematical
algorithms in scientific and engineering computing will find this
book valuable.
About the Editors
Michael E. Henderson is a research staff member in the Department
of Mathematical Sciences at the IBM Thomas J. Watson Research
Center.
Christopher R. Anderson is Professor of Mathematics at UCLA.
Stephen L. Lyons is Senior Research Advisor for Mobil Technology
Company.
Contents
Chapter 1: Current and Future Status of HPC in the World
Automotive Industry, Myron Ginsberg; Chapter 2: General Exchange
of Methods and
Data at Lockheed Martin, Michael R. Yokell and William P.
Pfeiffer; Chapter 3: Exploiting Existing Software in Libraries:
Successes, Failures, and
Reasons Why, William Gropp; Chapter 4: Language Interoperability
Mechanisms for High-Performance Scientific Applications, Andrew
Cleary, Scott
Kohn, Steven G. Smith, and Brent Smolinski; Chapter 5: Object
Oriented Methods Without Object Oriented Languages: Can
Intermediate
Approaches Facilitate the Adoption of OO Methods in the Research
Community?, David E. Bernholdt; Chapter 6: Developing an
Integrated
Environment for Computational Field Simulation, Samuel H. Russ
and Adam Gaither; Chapter 7: A Microkernel Design for
Component-based Parallel
Numerical Software Systems, Satish Balay, Bill Gropp, Lois
Curfman McInnes, and Barry Smith; Chapter 8: When the "One
Size Fits All'' Doesn't
Fit, Michael E. Henderson; Chapter 9: Flexibility and
Interoperability in a Parallel Biomolecular Dynamics Code, Robert
Brunner, Laxmikant Kal・
and James Phillips; Chapter 10: An Object-Oriented Approach for
Development and Testing of Parallel Solution Algorithms for
Nonlinear PDEs,
Richard D. Hornung and Carol S. Woodward; Chapter 11: Development
and Utilization of Parallel Generic Algorithms for Scientific
Computations,
Atanas Radenski, Andrew Vann, and Boyana Norris; Chapter 12:
Design of the hypre Preconditioner Library, Edmond Chow, Andrew
J. Cleary, and
Robert D. Falgout; Chapter 13: Generic Programming for High
Performance Numerical Linear Algebra, Jeremy G. Siek, Andrew
Lumsdaine,
Lie-Quan Lee; Chapter 14: Developing a Derivative-Enhanced
Object-Oriented Toolkit for Scientific Computations, Paul
Hovland, Boyana Norris,
Lucas Roh, and Barry Smith; Chapter 15: Algorithm Development for
Large Scale Computing, Matthew G. Knepley and Vivek Sarin;
Chapter 16:
Evolution of the NAG Library ODE Solvers, I. Gladwell; Chapter
17: Object Oriented Toolbox for Modelling and Simulation of
Dynamical Systems,
Mikael Zebbelin Poulsen, Falko Jens Wagner, Per Grove Thomsen,
and Neils Houbek; Chapter 18: Design and Implementation of an
Object Oriented
C++ Library for Nonlinear Optimization, David L. Bruhwiler,
Svetlana G. Shasharina, John R. Cary, and David Alexander;
Chapter 19: ADMAT:
Automatic Differentiation in MATLAB Using Object Oriented
Methods, Arun Verma; Chapter 20: Object-Oriented Programming for
General Mixed
Finite Element Methods, Tong Sun, Richard E. Ewing, Hongsen Chen,
Stephen L. Lyons, Guan Qin; Chapter 21: The Design of a Finite
Element/Spectral Element Code for Incompressible Fluid Flow,
Einar M. Ronquist; Chapter 22: Programming Engineering
Applications Using the
Object Oriented FEM Code Castem 2000, Andrei Constantinescu,
Marta Dragon, and Joel Kichenin; Chapter 23: Mesh Component
Design and
Software Integration Within SUMAA3d, Lori Frietag, Mark Jones,
and Paul Plassmann; Chapter 24: PDESolve: An Object-Oriented PDE
Analysis
Environment, Kevin Long and Brian Van Straalen; Chapter 25: The
Use of Object-Oriented Design Patterns in the SAMRAI Structured
AMR
Framework, Richard D. Hornung and Scott R. Kohn; Chapter 26:
Overture: An Object-Oriented Framework for Solving Partial
Differential Equations
on Overlapping Grids, David L. Brown, William D. Henshaw, and
Daniel J. Quinlan; Chapter 27: VBM and MCCC: Packages for Object
Oriented
Visualization and Computation of Bifurcation Manifolds, Randy C.
Paffenroth; Chapter 28: Experiences Developing ALEGRA: A C++
Coupled
Physics Framework, Kent G. Budge and James S. Peery; Chapter 29:
Rapid Application Development and Enhanced Code Interoperability
using the
POOMA Framework, Julian C. Cummings, James A. Crotinger, Scott W.
Haney, William F. Humphrey, Steve R. Karmesin, John V.W.
Reynders,
Stephen A. Smith, and Timothy J. Williams; Chapter 30: Active
Libraries: Re-thinking the Roles of Compilers and Libraries, Todd
L. Veldhuizen and
Dennis Gannon; Chapter 31: Application Oriented Library Design,
Geoffrey M. Furnish; Chapter 32: Optimizations for Parallel
Object-Oriented
Frameworks, Fede Bassetti, Kei Davis, and Daniel Quinlan; Chapter
33: Distributed Computing: What Do We Need and Can We Get It with
Java?,
Christopher R. Anderson.
1999 / xiv + 321 pages / Softcover / ISBN 0-89871-445-1
by Yuen Chung Kwong (National University of Singapore)
This book provides a forum for researchers in scalable
computing to publish extended-length articles on significant new
developments. An article may present comprehensive results from a
major project, review recent work in a sub-domain, or expound new
ideas in a detailed, tutorial fashion, at a length which most
journals and conference proceedings cannot accommodate.
The five articles in this book give an excellent illustration of
the different types of material requiring such extensive
treatment, and should serve well to encourage future authors with
similar ideas to consider publishing in the Series on Scalable
Computing.
Contents:
Active Objects: A Software Structure for Cluster-Based Systems (C
K Yuen)
Scalable Optimistic Parallel Simulation (Y M Teo & S C Tay)
High Performance Fortran for Advanced Applications (S Benkner)
Interprocess Communication Optimization in a Scalable Computing
Cluster (O La'adan & A Barak)
Designing Superservers with Clusters and Commodity Components (Z
Xu & K Hwang)
Readership: Researchers in computer science.
210pp (approx.)
Pub. date: Scheduled Autumn 1999
ISBN 981-02-4119-4
by Larry Wos & Gail W Pieper (Argonne National Laboratory)
This book shows you ・through examples and puzzles and
intriguing questions ・how to make your computer reason
logically. To help you, the book includes a CD-ROM with OTTER,
the world's most powerful general-purpose reasoning program. The
automation of reasoning has advanced markedly in the past few
decades, and this book discusses some of the remarkable successes
that automated reasoning programs have had in tackling
challenging problems in mathematics, logic, program verification,
and circuit design. Because the intended audience includes
students and teachers, the book provides many exercises (with
hints and also answers), as well as tutorial chapters that gently
introduce readers to the field of logic and to automated
reasoning in general. For more advanced researchers, the book
presents challenging questions, many of which are still unsolved.
Contents:
Introduction and Map for Reading the Book
Learning Logic by Example
A Brisk Introduction to Automated Reasoning
Logic Circuit Design
Logic Circuit Verification
Research in Mathematics and Logic
Formal Underpinnings
Guidelines for OTTER
Vignettes Focusing on the Companion Book, The Collected Works of
Larry Wos
Open Questions
Appendixes with Input and Output Files and Proofs
Readership: College students, teachers, researchers and
historians of computer science.
608pp (approx.)
Pub. date: Scheduled Autumn 1999
ISBN 981-02-3910-6
Advanced Series in Mathematical Physics
by J W Wiskin, D T Borup, S A Johnson (University of Utah)
& D N Ghosh Roy (Sachs & Freeman Inc.)
The books presently available on Inverse Scattering are written
primarily for those students who have a fairly substantial
mathematical background. This book is directed towards students
in the BioEngineering and Environmental Engineering sciences who
do not have this optimal exposure to mathematical concepts.
This book:
Includes practical algorithms on CD-ROM for forward simulation
and inversion of wave propagation in 2D.
Can be used in the classroom to teach the concepts of inverse
scattering and imaging, and yet brings the student to the
forefront of research in this important area.
Discusses in clear terms the mathematical preliminaries that are
required for the proper understanding of the inversion/imaging
problem, as they are required.
Couples the theoretical development with a practical discussion
of data completeness requirements and special calibration methods
for EM and acoustic scattering to
get reasonable images from laboratory data.
Includes careful discussion of the case of acoustic wave
propagation in biological tissue (human breast for example).
After this introduction, the more difficult cases
ofElectromagnetic waves in non-magnetic media are considered.
These require discussion of the vector wave equation, and the
numerical methods used in their solution.The methods chosen are
the Finite Difference Time Domain Method, the Frequency Domain
Integral Equation method, and the associated Hybrid method,
whichcombines the particular advantages of both of these methods.
Discusses the important case of the diffusion (quasi-static)
approximation to the EM wave equations, and its many
applications. Such applications include: 1) location ofburied
mines in surf zones, 2) location and delineation of hazardous
waste leakage in waste disposal sites (Dense Non-Aqueous Phase
Liquids ・DNAPL's 3) breastcancer imaging and 4) micro-impedance
imaging of cells.
Readership: Students in biomedical, environmental, electrical and
civil engineering, as well as applied physics.
300pp (approx.)
Pub. date: Scheduled Summer 2000
ISBN 981-02-4172-0
ISBN 981-02-4173-9(pbk)
by E B Curtis & J A Morrow (University of Washington,
Seattle)
This book is a very timely exposition of part of an important
subject which goes under the general name of "inverse
problems". The analogous problem for continuous media has
been very much studied, with a great deal of difficult
mathematics involved, especially partial differential equations.
Some of the researchers working on the inverse conductivity
problem for continuous media (the problem of recovering the
conductivity inside from measurements on the outside) have taken
an interest in the authors' analysis of this similar problem for
resistor networks.
The authors' treatment of inverse problems for electrical
networks is at a fairly elementary level. It is accessible to
advanced undergraduates, and mathematics students at the graduate
level. The topics are of interest to mathematicians working on
inverse problems, and possibly to electrical engineers. A few
techniques from other areas of mathematics have been brought
together in the treatment. It is this amalgamation of such topics
as graph theory, medial graphs and matrix algebra, as well as the
analogy to inverse problems for partial differential equations,
that makes the book both original and interesting.
Contents:
Circular Planar Graphs
Resistor Networks
Harmonic Functions
Characterization I
Adjoining Edges
Characterization II
Medial Graphs
Recovering a Graph
Layered Networks
Readership: Graduate students and researchers in applied
mathematics and electrical and electronic engineering.
200pp (approx.)
Pub. date: Scheduled Spring 2000
ISBN 981-02-4174-7
by Jan Lopuszanski (University of Wroclaw, Poland)
This book provides a concise description of the current status
of a fascinating scientific problem ・the inverse variational
problem in classical
mechanics. The essence of this problem is as follows: one is
given a set of equations of motion describing a certain classical
mechanical system, and the question to be answered is: Do these
equations of motion correspond to some Lagrange function as its
Euler豊agrange equations? In general, not for every system of
equations of motion does a Lagrange function exist; it can,
however, happen that one may modify the given equations of motion
in such a way that they yield the same set of solutions as the
original ones and they correspond already to a Lagrange function.
Moreover, there can even be infinitely many such Lagrange
functions, the relations among which are not trivial. The book
deals with this scope of problems. No advanced mathematical
methods, such as, contemporary differential geometry, are used.
The intention is to meet the standard educational level of a
broad group of physicists and mathematicians. The book is well
suited for use as lecture notes in a university course for
physicists.
Contents:
Constants of Motion
Theorem of Henneaux
Instructive Example of Douglas
Construction of the Most General Autonomous One-Particle Lagrange
Function in (3+1) Space-time Dimensions Giving Rise to
Rotationally Covariant Euler-
Lagrange Equations
Evaluation of the Function Gij
Construction of the Most General Two-Particle Lagrange Function
in (1+1) Space-time Dimensions Giving Rise to Euler-Lagrange
Equations Covariant Under
Galilei Transformation
Galilei Forminvariance of the Euler-Lagrange Equations for Two
Particles in (1+1) Space-time Dimensions
Readership: Graduate students of theoretical physics and
mathematics, as well as theoretical physicists doing research in
classical and quantum mechanics.
236pp
Pub. date: Nov 1999
ISBN 981-02-4178-X
by Lars Skyttner (University of G舸le, Sweden)
The world in which classical positivistic science and
technology obtained great success has vanished. However, the way
of thinking promoted by that epoch still lingers in our social
consciousness, sometimes as a burden. To conquer the shortcomings
of classical analytical science in the modern, ever more complex
world, systems theory and its applications within systems science
present an alternative to old paradigms.
Systems theorists see common principles in the structure and
operation of systems of all kinds and sizes. They promote an
interdisciplinary science adapted for a universal application
with a common language and area of concepts. This approach is
seen as a means of not only overcoming the fragmentation of
knowledge and the isolation of the specialist, but also finding
new solutions to problems created by the earlier "solution
of problems".
This book introduces the systemic alternative. It is divided into
two parts. The first is devoted to the historical background of
the systems movement, and presents pioneering thoughts and
theories of the area. Basic concepts of general systems theory
with well-known laws and principles are discussed, as well as
related topics like cybernetics and information theory.
The second part deals with some of the common applications of
systems theory within systems science, such as artificial
intelligence, management information systems and informatics. An
attempt is made to predict the future of systems theory in a
world apparently becoming fragmented and integrated at the same
time.
To engage oneself in systems theory and its striving towards an
applied universal science is a highly cross-scientific
occupation. The reader will come into contact with many different
academic disciplines, and consequently the possibility of an
all-round education ・something particularly needed in our
over-specialized world.
Contents:
The Ideas and Why: The Emergence of Holistic Thinking
Basic Ideas of Systems
A Selection of Systems Theories
Information and Communication Theory
Some Theories of Brain and Mind
The Applications and How: Artificial Intelligence and Life
Organization Theory and Management Cybernetics
Decision Making and Decision Aids
Informatics
Some of the Systems Methodologies
The Future of Systems Theory
Readership: Computer specialists, architects, businessmen,
teachers and holistic thinkers.
330pp (approx.)
Pub. date: Scheduled Spring 2000
ISBN 981-02-4175-5
ISBN 981-02-4176-3(pbk)