edited by
Enrique Tirapegui /Facultad de Ciencias F?sicas y Matematicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
Javier Martinez /Instituto de Fysica, Universidad Cat?lica de Valpara?so, Chile
Rolando Tiemann /Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Playa Ancha, Valparaiso, Chile

Instabilities and Nonequilibrium Structures, VI

NONLINEAR PHENOMENA AND COMPLEX SYSTEMS Volume 5

This book contains two introductory papers on important topics of nonlinear physics. The first one, by M. San Miguel et al., refers to the effect of noise in nonequilibrium systems. The second, by M.E. Brachet, is a modern introduction to turbulence in fluids. The material can be very useful for short courses and is presented accordingly. The authors have made their texts self-contained. The volume also contains a selection of the invited seminars given at the Sixth International Workshop on Instabilities and Nonequilibrium Structures.

Audience: This book should be of interest to graduate students and scientists interested in the fascinating problems of nonlinear
physics.

Contents and Contributors
Foreword. Biographical Sketch of Professor Walter Zeller.
Acknowledgements. Preface. Part I: Review Lectures. A primer
in classical turbulence theory; M.E. Brachet. Stochastic effects in
physical systems; M. San Miguel, R. Toral. Part II: Pattern
Selection, Defects and Granular Matter. Spatio-temporal
intermittency in the spatial unfolding of Andronov's Bifurcations; M.
Argentina, P. Coullet. Thermodynamics and dynamics of supersolids;
Y. Pomeau. Large Amplitude Patterns in Bistable Reaction-Diffusion
Systems; S. M?tens, et al. B?nard Cell: A Centennial Puzzle; C.
P?rez-Garc?a,. B. Echebarria. A parametric oscillator in a highly
viscous fluid; E. Cerda. Spiral waves and target waves in single cells;
A. Babloyantz, N. Ellis. Pattern Selection and Stability in Polymeric
Fluid Convection; J. Mart?nez-Mardones, et al. Wavelength
Selection of Spiral Waves in Liquid Crystals; E. Hamm, et al.
Surface Waves Scattering by a Vertical Vortex: A progress report;
F. Vivanco, et al. Spreading of molecularly thin wetting films on solid
interfaces; S.F. Burlatsky, et al. Developable Cones and Crumpled
Paper: An experimental point of view; S. Cha?eb, F. Melo. Quantum
Topological Defects and the Schwinger mechanism; C. Elphick.
Imperfect coagulation reaction A + A ® A: An analitical approach;
M. Hoyuelos. Mixing and Segregation in Granular Matter; E. Guyon,
D. Bideau. Pressure and Surface Dilation measurements in vibrated
granular layers; N. Mujica, et al. Part III: Stochastic behavior
and Statistical Mechanics. Quantum Coherence and
Decoherence by Spontaneous Emission in a Quantum Optical
Realization of a Driven Pendulum; R. Graham. Covariant Non-Linear
Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics and the Ergodic Theory of
Stochastic and Quantum Flows; D. Rapaport. Stochastic Inflation: A
Semiclassical Approach; M. Bellini, et al. Upper Bounds for
Correlation Functions: Bose Systems; M. Corgini, D.P. Sankovich.
Multifractal Behavior of a Fibonacci Crystal built over p coupled
chains; E. Lazo. Stationary probability for systems presenting weak
noise transitions; O. Descalzi, et al. Subject Index.

Hardbound, ISBN 0-7923-6129-6
December 1999, 420 pp.


edited by
Michiel Hazewinkel
Centre for Mathematics and Computer Science, Amsterdam

Encyclopaedia of Mathematics Supplement II

ENCYCLOPAEDIA OF MATHEMATICS Volume 13

This is the second supplementary volume to Kluwer's highly acclaimed eleven-volume Encyclopaedia of Mathematics. This additional volume contains nearly 500 new entries written by
experts and covers developments and topics not included in the previous volumes. These entries are arranged alphabetically throughout and a detailed index is included. This supplementary
volume enhances the existing eleven volumes, and together these twelve volumes represent the most authoritative, comprehensive and up-to-date Encyclopaedia of Mathematics available.

Hardbound, ISBN 0-7923-6114-8
December 1999, 620 pp.


edited by
Harry Bunt
Center for Language, Information and Artificial Intelligence, Tilburg University, The Netherlands
Reinhard Muskens
Center for Language, Information and Artificial Intelligence, Tilburg University, The Netherlands

Computing Meaning ,Volume 1

STUDIES IN LINGUISTICS AND PHILOSOPHY Volume 73

Computational Semantics is concerned with computing the meanings of linguistic objects such as sentences, text fragments, and dialogue contributions. As such it is the interdisciplinary child of
semantics, the study of meaning and its linguistic encoding, and computational linguistics, the discipline that is concerned withcomputations on linguistic objects.

From one parent computational semantics inherits concepts and techniques that have been developed under the banner of formal (or model-theoretic) semantics. This blend of logic and linguistics
applies the methods of logic to the description of meaning. From the other parent the young discipline inherits methods and techniques for parsing sentences, for effective and efficient
representation of syntactic structure and logical form, and for reasoning with semantic information. Computational Semantics integrates and further develops these methods, concepts andtechniques.

This book is a collection of papers written by outstanding researchers in the newly emerging field of computational semantics.
It is aimed at those linguists, computer scientists, and logicians who want to know more about the algorithmic realisation of meaning in natural language and about what is happening in this field of
research. There is a general introduction by the editors.

Contents and Contributors
Computational Semantics; H. Bunt, R. Muskens. On Semantic
Underspecification; M. Pinkal. Dynamic and Underspecified
Interpretation without Dynamic or Underspecified Logic; A. Ramsay.
Labeled Representations, Underspecification and Disambiguation; N.
Asher, T. Fernando. Underspecified Semantics in HPSG; F. Richter,
M. Sailer. Minimum Description Length and Compositionality; W.
Zadrozny. How to Glue a Donkey to an f-Structure: Porting a
`Dynamic' Meaning Representation Language into LFG's Linear
Logic Glue-Language Semantics; J. van Genabith, R. Crouch. Vague
Utterances and Context Change; A. Kyburg, M. Morreau. Using
Situations to Reason about the Interpretation of Speech Events; R.
Cooper. Simulative Inference in a Computational Model of Belief;
A.N. Kaplan, L.K. Schubert. Indefinites as Epsilon Terms: A Labelled
Deduction Account; W.M. Viol, et al. Dynamic Skolemization; L.
Schubert. Semantically-based Ellipsis Resolution with Syntactic
Presuppositions; J. Ginzburg. Presupposition Projection as Proof
Construction; E. Krahmer, P. Piwek. Dynamic Discourse Referents
for Tense and Modals; M. Stone, D. Hardt. Linking Theory and
Lexical Ambiguity: The Case of Italian Motion Verbs; L. Dini, V. di
Tomaso. A Disambiguation Approach for German Compounds with
Deverbal Head; S. Reinhard.

Hardbound, ISBN 0-7923-6108-3
December 1999, 360 pp.


edited by
Peter L. Antonelli
Dept. of Mathematical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada

Finslerian Geometries
A Meeting of Minds

FUNDAMENTAL THEORIES OF PHYSICS Volume 109

This text will acquaint the reader with the most recent advances in Finslerian geometries, i.e. anisotropic geometries, and their applications by the Japanese, European and American schools.

It contains three introductory articles, one from each of these schools, giving a broad overview of basic ideas. Further papers treat topics from pure mathematics such as complex differential
geometry, equivalence methods, Finslerian deformations, constant sprays, homogeneous contact transformations, Douglas spaces, submanifold theory, inverse problems, area theory, and more. This
book completes the Kluwer trilogy on Finslerian Geometry by P.L. Antonelli and his associates.

Audience: This volume will be of interest to physicists and mathematicians whose work involves quantum field theory, combination theory and relativity, programming and optimization. Mathematical biologists working in ecology and evolution will also find it useful.

Contents and Contributors
Preface. Section I: Pedagogy. Generalizations of Finsler
Geometry; M. Anastasiei, D. Hrimiuc. Finsler Geometry Inspired; L.
Kozma, L. Tam?ssy. Finsler Geometry; H. Shimada, V.S. Sabau.
Section II: Summary and Overview. Summary and Overview;
P.L. Antonelli. Section III: Meeting of Minds. Some Remarks On
the Conformal Equivalence of Complex Finsler Structures; T. Aikou.
Deformations of Finsler Metrics; M. Anastasiei, H. Shimada. The
Constant Sprays of Classical Ecology and Noisy Finsler
Perturbations; P.L. Antonelli. On the Geometry of a Homogeneous
Contact Transformation; P.L. Antonelli, D. Hrimiuc. On Finsler
Spaces of Douglas Type III; S. B?cs?, M. Matsumoto. Equations of
Motion from Finsler Geometric Methods; R.G. Beil. On the Theory of
Finsler Submanifolds; A. Bejancu. Finslerian Fields; H.E. Brandt. On
the Inverse Problem of the Calculus of Variations for Systems of
Second-Order Ordinary Differential Equations; M. Crampin.
Complex Finsler Geometry Via the Equivalence Problem on the
Tangent Bundle; J.J. Faran. L?vy Concentration of Metric Measure
Manifolds; W. Gu, Z. Shen. Hypersurfaces in Generalized Lagrange
Spaces; M. Kitayama. The Notion of Higher Order Finsler Space.
Theory and Applications; R. Miron. Generalized Complex Lagrange
Spaces; G. Munteanu. Gravity in Finsler Spaces; S.F. Rutz, F.M.
Paiva. Higher Order Ecological Metrics; V.S. Sabau. Area and
Metrical Connections in Finsler Space; L. Tam?ssy. Problem; L.
Tam?ssy. Finslerian Convexity and Optimization; C. Udriste. On
Projective Transformations and Conformal Transformations of the
Tangent Bundles of Riemannian Manifolds; K. Yamauchi.

Hardbound, ISBN 0-7923-6115-6
December 1999, 320 pp.


edited by
Didier Dubois
IRIT, Universite Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France Henri Prade
IRIT, Universite Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France

Fundamentals of Fuzzy Sets

THE HANDBOOKS OF FUZZY SETS Volume 7

Fundamentals of Fuzzy Sets covers the basic elements of fuzzy set theory. Its four-part organization provides easy referencing of recent as well as older results in the field.

The first part discusses the historical emergence of fuzzy sets, and delves into fuzzy set connectives, and the representation and measurement of membership functions. The second part covers
fuzzy relations, including orderings, similarity, and relational equations. The third part, devoted to uncertainty modelling, introduces possibility theory, contrasting and relating it with probabilities, and reviews information measures of specificity and fuzziness. The last part concerns fuzzy sets on the real line
– computation with fuzzy intervals, metric topology of fuzzy numbers, and the calculus of fuzzy-valued functions. Each chapter is written by one or more recognized specialists and offers a
tutorial introduction to the topics, together with an extensive bibliography.

Contents and Contributors
Foreword; L.A. Zadeh. Preface. Series Foreword. Contributing
Authors. General Introduction; D. Dubois, H. Prade. Part I: Fuzzy
Sets. 1. Fuzzy Sets: History and Basic Notions; D. Dubois, et al. 2.
Fuzzy Set-Theoretic Operators and Quantifiers; J. Fodor, R.R.
Yager. 3. Measurement of Membership Functions: Theoretical and
Empirical Work; T. Bilgic, I.B. T?rksen. Part II: Fuzzy Relations. 4.
An Introduction to Fuzzy Relations; S. Ovchinnikov. 5. Fuzzy
Equivalence Relations: Advanced Material; D. Boixader, et al. 6.
Analytical Solution Methods for Fuzzy Relational Equations; B. De
Baets. Part III: Uncertainty. 7. Possibility Theory, Probability
and Fuzzy Sets: Misunderstandings, Bridges and Gaps; D. Dubois, et
al. 8. Measures of Uncertainty and Information; G.J. Klir. 9.
Quantifying Different Facets of Fuzzy Uncertainty; N.R. Pal, J.C.
Bezdek. Part IV: Fuzzy Sets on the Real Line. 10. Fuzzy
Interval Analysis; D. Dubois, et al. 11. Metric Topology of Fuzzy
Numbers and Fuzzy Analysis; P. Diamond, P. Kloeden. Index.

Hardbound, ISBN 0-7923-7732-X
January 2000, 672 pp.


by
Luca Vigano
Institut fur Informatik, Universitetsgel?nde Flugplatz, Freiburg, Germany

Labelled Non-Classical Logics


The subject of Labelled Non-Classical Logics is the development and investigation of a framework for the modular and uniform presentation and implementation of non-classical logics, in
particular modal and relevance logics. Logics are presented as labelled deduction systems, which are proved to be sound and complete with respect to the corresponding Kripke-style semantics.
We investigate the proof theory of our systems, and show them to possess structural properties such as normalization and the subformula property, which we exploit not only to establish
advantages and limitations of our approach with respect to related ones, but also to give, by means of a substructural analysis, a new proof-theoretic method for investigating decidability and complexity
of (some of) the logics we consider. All of our deduction systems have been implemented in the generic theorem prover Isabelle, thus providing a simple and natural environment for interactive proof development.

Labelled Non-Classical Logics is essential reading for researchers and practitioners interested in the theory and applications of non-classical logics.

Contents
List of Figures. List of Tables. Acknowledgments. 1. Introduction.
Part I: Labelled deduction for non-classical logics. 2.
Labelled Natural Deduction Systems for Propositional Modal Logics.
3. Labelled Natural Deduction Systems for Propositional
Non-Classical Logics. 4. Labelled Natural Deduction Systems for
Quantified Modal Logics. 5. Encoding Labelled Non-Classical Logics
in Isabelle. 6. Labelled Sequent Systems for Non-Classical Logics.
7. Discussion. Part II: Substructural and complexity analysis
of modal sequent systems. 8. Introduction and Preliminaries. 9.
Substructural Analysis of S(K). 10. Substructural Analysis of S(T).
11. Substructural Analysis of S(K4) and S(S4). 12. Complexity of
Proof Search in K, T, K4 and S4. 13. Discussion. 14. Conclusions
and Further Research. References. Index.

Hardbound, ISBN 0-7923-7749-4
January 2000, 308 pp.


by
S.F. Gilyazov
Science Research Computer Center, Moscow State University,Russia
N.L. Gol'dman
Science Research Computer Centre, Moscow State University,Russia

Regularization of Ill-Posed Problems by Iteration Methods

MATHEMATICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS Volume 499

This volume presents new results in regularization of ill-posed problems by iteration methods, which is one of the most important and rapidly developing topics of the theory of ill-posed problems.
The new theoretical results are connected with the proposed united approach to the proof of regularizing properties of the `classical' iteration methods (steepest descent, conjugate direction)
complemented by the stopping rule depending on the level of errors in the input data. Much emphasis is given to the choice of the iteration index as the regularization parameter and to the rate
convergence estimates of the approximate solutions. Results of calculations for important applications in non-linear thermophysics are also presented.

Audience: This work will be a useful resource for specialists in the heory of partial differential and integral equations, in numerical analysis and in theory and methods.

Contents
Preface. Introduction. 1. Regularizing Algorithms for Linear
Ill-Posed Problems: Unified Approach. 2. Iteration Steepest
Descent Methods for Linear Operator Equations. 3. Iteration
Conjugate Direction Methods For Linear Operator Equations. 4.
Iteration Steepest Descent Methods for Nonlinear Operator
Equations. 5. Iteration Methods for Ill-Posed Constrained
Minimization Problems. 6. Descriptive regularization Algorithms on
the Basis of the Conjugate Gradient Projection Method.
Bibliography. Index.

Hardbound, ISBN 0-7923-6131-8
January 2000, 352 pp.


edited by
Howard Barringer / University of Manchester, UK
Michael Fisher / Manchester Metropolitan University, UK
Dov M. Gabbay /King's College, Dept. of Computer Science, London, UK
Graham Gough / University of Manchester, UK

Advances in Temporal Logic

APPLIED LOGIC SERIES Volume 16

Time is a fascinating subject that has captured mankind's imagination from ancient times to the present. It has been, and continues to be studied across a wide range of disciplines, from the
natural sciences to philosophy and logic. More than two decades ago, Pnueli in a seminal work showed the value of temporal logic in the specification and verification of computer programs. Today, a
strong, vibrant international research community exists in the broad community of computer science and AI.

This volume presents a number of articles from leading researchers containing state-of-the-art results in such areas as pure emporal/modal logic, specification and verification, temporal
databases, temporal aspects in AI, tense and aspect in natural language, and temporal theorem proving. Earlier versions of some of the articles were given at the most recent International
Conference on Temporal Logic, University of Manchester, UK.

Readership: Any student of the area – postgraduate, postdoctoral or even research professor – will find the book most valuable. Computing professionals requiring state-of-the-art knowledge in
the area will appreciate the volume for its leading results and its links to other relevant literature.

Contents and Contributors
A Hierarchy of Modal Event Calculi: Expressiveness and Complexity;
I. Cervesato, et al. Release Logics for Temporalizing Dynamic Logic;
J. Krabbendam, J.-J. Meyer. Compositional Verification of Timed
Statecharts; F. Levi. Temporal Logic for Stabilizing Systems; Y.
Lakhnech, M. Siegel. Decidable Theories of w-Layered Metric
Temporal Structures; A. Montanari, et al. Synthesis with Incomplete
Informatio; O. Kupferman, M. Vardi. Deductive Verification of
Parameterized Fault-Tolerant Systems: A Case Study; N.S.
Bj?rner, et al. Using Otter for Temporal Resolution; C. Dixon.
Guiding Clausal Temporal Resolution; M. Fisher, C. Dixon.
Determinism and the Origins of Temporal Logic; T. Br?uner, et al.
Modelling Linguistic Events; M. Leith, J. Cunningham. A Dynamic
Temporal Logic for Aspectual Phenomena in Natural Language; R.
Naumann. A Decidable Temporal Logic for Temporal Propositions; I.
Pratt, N. Francez. Transitions in Continuous Time, with an
Application to Qualitative Changes in Spatial Relations; A. Galton. A
Modal Logic of Durative Actions; I. Nunes, et al. About Real Time,
Calendar Systems and Temporal Notions; H.J. Ohlbach. A Model
Checking Algorithm for p-Calculus Agents; S. Gnesi, G. Ristori.
Interleaving Model and Verification of Distributed Probabilistic
Real-Time Systems; T. Luo, et al. Constructive Interval Temporal
Logic in Alf; S. Thompson. Two-dimensional Executable Temporal
Logic for Bitemporal Databases; M. Finger, M. Reynolds. Execution
and Proof in a Horn-Clause Temporal Logic; C. Dixon, et al.
Specification and Prototyping of Structures Multimedia Documents
using Interval Temporal Logic; H. Bowman, et al.

Hardbound, ISBN 0-7923-6149-0
March 2000, 464 pp.