The investigation of what people understand
and remember from rapidly presented
sequences of visual stimuli began in the
late 1960s. In this book prominent researchers
approach the topic from psychological, neuropsychological,
and electrophysiological
perspectives. Specific issues include RSVP
(rapid serial visual presentation), attentional
blink, repetition blindness, and scene perception.
The contributors review recent research on
our ability to comprehend and remember pictures
of objects and scenes, written words, and
sentences when the visual stimuli are presented
sequentially at rates of up to ten items
per second. In short, the book is about our
remarkably developed abilities to understand
and remember the contents of very briefly
presented material.
Contributors: Daphne Bavelier, Veronika
Coltheart, Helene Intraub, Nancy Kanwisher,
Steven J. Luck, Nadine Martin, Mary C. Potter,
Eleanor M. Saffran, Kimron L. Shapiro, Ewa
Wojciulik, Jeremy M. Wolfe, Carol Yin.
1999
ISBN 0-262-03261-9
283 pp., 49 illus. (cloth)
"This is an astonishing piece of work."
-- Richard G. M. Morris, Centerfor Neuroscience,
University of Edinburgh, Scotland
There are currently two major theories about
the role of the hippocampus, a distinctive
structure in the back of the temporal lobe.
One says that it stores a cognitive map,
the other
that it is a key locus for the temporary
storage of episodic memories. A. David Redish
takes the
approach that understanding the role of the
hippocampus in space will make it possible
to
address its role in less easily quantifiable
areas such as memory. Basing his investigation
on the
study of rodent navigation--one of the primary
domains for understanding information
processing in the brain--he places the hippocampus
in its anatomical context as part
of a greater functional system.
Redish draws on the extensive experimental
and theoretical work of the last 100 years
to
paint a coherent picture of rodent navigation.
His presentation encompasses multiple levels
of analysis, from single-unit recording results
to
behavioral tasks to computational modeling.
From this foundation, he proposes a novel
understanding of the role of the hippocampus
in
rodents that can shed light on the role of
the hippocampus in primates, explaining data
from
primate studies and human neurology. The
book will be of interest not only to neuroscientists
and psychologists, but also to researchers
in computer science, robotics, artificial
intelligence, and artificial life.
July 1999
ISBN 0-262-18194-0
440 pp., 51 illus. (cloth)
Until recently, genetic, neuroanatomical,
and psychological investigations on
neurodevelopmental disorders were carried
out independently. Now, tremendous advances
across all disciplines have brought us toward
a new scientific frontier: the integration
of
molecular genetics with a developmental cognitive
neuroscience. The goal is to
understand the basic mechanisms by which
genes and environmental processes contribute
to the development of specific structures
and regions of the brain.
This handbook-style volume explores these
advances from the perspective of
developmental disorders in children. Research
on children with known genetic disorders
offers
insights into the genetic mechanisms that
underlie neural development and organization,
as expressed in variations in cognitive profiles.
The contributions provide in-depth analyses
of a broad range of neurodevelopmental disorders,
including those resulting from whole chromosome
defects (Down and Turner
syndromes), those related to defects in a
single gene (fragile-X syndrome) or a small
number of
genes (Williams syndrome), and complex genetic
disorders (dyslexia, autism). Contributors
from
the fields of teratology and brain injury
provide additional perspectives.
Contributors: Jane Adams, Marcia A. Barnes,
Simon Baron-Cohen, Elizabeth Bates, Margaret
L. Bauman, Ursula Bellugi, Jacquelyn Bertrand,
Lori Buchanan, Merlin G. Butler, Dawn Delaney,
Maureen Dennis, Kim N. Dietrich, Elizabeth
M. Dykens, Jack M. Fletcher, Susan E. Folstein,
Barbara R. Foorman, Albert Galaburda, Randi
J. Hagerman, John Harrison, C. Ross Hetherington,
Greg Hickok, Terry Jernigan, Beth Joseph,
William E. MacLean, Jr., Michele M. M.
Mazzocco, William M. McMahon, Carolyn B.
Mervis, Debra Mills, Colleen A. Morris, Lynn
Nadel, Bruce F. Pennington, Allan L. Reiss,
Mabel L. Rice, Byron F. Robinson, Judith
L.
Ross, Joanne Rovet, Susan L. Santangelo,
Bennett A. Shaywitz, Sally E. Shaywitz, Marian
Sigman, Helen Tager-Flusberg, Travis Thompson,
J. Bruce Tomblin, Doris Trauner,
Stefano Vicari, Xuyang Zhang, Andrew Zinn.
July 1999
ISBN 0-262-20116-X
630 pp., 72 illus. (cloth)
"Traub, Jefferys, and Whittington have
provided the clearest mechanistic explanation
(for
hippocampus) to date of oscillations of a
type that occur in many brain areas."
-- Charles F. Stevens, Salk Institute
The study of cortical oscillations is of
great interest to those working in many areas
of
neuroscience. A fast coherent EEG rhythm
called gamma or "40 Hz" has been
implicated in
cognition, as it may play a role in binding
together features of objects. This rhythm
may
also be important for consciousness, as a
number of drugs that induce general anesthesia
disrupt the synchronization of the rhythm
at clinically relevant concentrations. There
is also
suggestive evidence implicating dysfunction
of gamma rhythms in Alzheimer's disease,
and
perhaps in other neuropsychiatric disorders.
In Fast Oscillations in Cortical Circuits,
the authors use a combination of electrophysiological
and computer modeling techniques to analyze
how large networks of neurons can produce
both epileptic seizures
and functionally relevant synchronized oscillations.
Specific topics covered include
single hippocampal pyramid cells, hippocampal
interneurons, synaptic interactions, gamma
oscillations in brain slices as well as in
vivo, the mechanisms of oscillation-synchronization
(both
local and long-range), the switch from gamma
to beta frequencies and its implications
for
memory, and the significance of gamma oscillations
for brain function.
1999
ISBN 0-262-20118-6
308 pp., 94 illus. (cloth)
The cognitive disorders that follow brain
damage are an important source of insight
into
the neural bases of human thought. Although
cognitive neuroscience is sometimes equated
with cognitive neuroimaging, the patient-based
approach to cognitive neuroscience is
responsible for most of what we now know
about the brain systems underlying perception,
attention, memory, language, and higher-order
forms of thought including consciousness.
This
volume brings together state-of-the-art reviews
of the patient-based approach to these
and other central issues in cognitive neuroscience,
written by leading authorities.
Part I covers the history, principles, and
methods of patient-based neuroscience: lesion
method, imaging, computational modeling,
and anatomy. Part II covers perception and
vision:
sensory agnosias, disorders of body perception,
attention and neglect, disorders of perception
and awareness, and misidentification syndromes.
Part III covers language: aphasia,
language disorders in children, specific
language impairments, developmental dyslexia,
acquired
reading disorders, and agraphia. Part IV
covers memory: amnesia and semantic memory
impairments. Part V covers higher cognitive
functions: frontal lobes, callosal disconnection
(split brain), skilled movement disorders,
acalculia, dementia, delirium, and degenerative
conditions including Alzheimer's disease,
Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease.
Contributors: Michael P. Alexander, Russell
M. Bauer, Kathleen Baynes, D. Frank Benson,
H.
Branch Coslett, Jeffrey L. Cummings, Tim
Curran, Antonio R. Damasio, Hanna Damasio,
Ennio De Renzi, Maureen Dennis, Mark D'Esposito,
Martha J. Farah, Todd E. Feinberg,
Michael S. Gazzaniga, Georg Goldenberg, Jordan
Grafman, Kenneth M. Heilman, Diane M.
Jacobs, Daniel I. Kaufer, Daniel Y. Kimberg,
Maureen W. Lovett, Richard Mayeux, M.-Marsel
Mesulam, Bruce L. Miller, Robert D. Nebes,
Robert D. Rafal, Marcus E. Raichle, Timothy
Rickard, David M. Roane, David J. Roeltgen,
Leslie J. Gonzalez Rothi, Eleanor M. Saffran,
Daniel L. Schacter, Karin Stromswold, Edward
Valenstein, Robert T. Watson, Tricia Zawacki,
Stuart Zola.
April 2000
ISBN 0-262-56123-9
425 pp., 100 illus. (paper)
In this major work Martin Shubik offers his
vision of mathematical institutional economics,
a term he
coined in 1959 to describe the theoretical
underpinnings needed for the construction
of an
economic dynamics that goes beyond general
equilibrium theory.
Using an approach that is neither Keynesian
nor monetarist, Volume 1 describes the role
of money
and financial institutions in binding the
economy to the polity and society, Volume
2 will extend the
analysis to specific financial institutions
and to government, while a separate volume,
coauthored
with Pradeep Dubey and John Geanakoplos,
will develop the mathematical aspects of
the theory of
strategic market games.
This work develops a process-oriented theory
of money and financial institutions that
reconciles
micro- and macroeconomic theory using, as
its prime methodological tool, the theory
of games in
strategic and extensive form. Shubik's approach
to economic dynamics involves the search
for minimal
financial institutions that appear as a logical,
technological, and institutional necessity,
as part of
the structure or "rules of the game"
that define and give shape to economic life.
In this approach
money and financial institutions are revealed
as means for transmitting the imperatives
of
sociopolitical purpose to the economy. The
book stresses formal model building, but
the level of the
methematics used is relatively elementary.
December 1999
ISBN 0-262-19344-2
720 pp. 111 illus.(cloth)
This is the second of two volumes in a three-volume
exposition of Martin Shubik's vision of
"mathematical institutional economics"--a
term he coined in 1959 to describe the theoretical
underpinnings needed for the construction
of an economic dynamics. The goal is to develop
a
process- oriented theory of money and financial
institutions that reconciles micro- and
macroeconomics, using as a prime tool the
theory of games in strategic and extensive
form. The
approach involves a search for minimal financial
institutions that appear as a logical, technological,
and institutional necessity, as part of the
"rules of the game." Money and
financial institutions are
assumed to be the basic elements of the network
that transmits the sociopolitical imperatives
to the
economy.
Volume 1 deals with a one-period approach
to economic exchange with money, debt, and
bankruptcy. Volume 2 explores the new economic
features that arise when we consider multiperiod
finite- and infinite-horizon economies. Volume
3 will consider the specific role of financial
institutions
and government, and formulate the economic
financial control problem linking micro-
and macroeconomics.
December 1999
ISBN 0-262-19428-7
383 pp. (cloth)
Neurocomputing methods are loosely based
on a model of the brain as a network of simple
interconnected processing elements corresponding
to neurons. These methods
derive their power from the collective processing
of artificial neurons, the chief
advantage being that such systems can learn
and adapt to a changing environment. In
knowledge-based neurocomputing, the emphasis
is on the use and representation of knowledge
about an application. Explicit modeling of
the knowledge represented by such a system
remains a major research topic. The reason
is that humans find it difficult to interpret
the
numeric representation of a neural network.
The key assumption of knowledge-based neurocomputing
is that knowledge is obtainable
from, or can be represented by, a neurocomputing
system in a form that humans
can understand. That is, the knowledge embedded
in the neurocomputing system can
also be represented in a symbolic or well-structured
form, such as Boolean
functions, automata, rules, or other familiar
ways. The focus of knowledge-based computing
is on methods to encode prior knowledge and
to extract, refine, and revise knowledge
within a
neurocomputing system.
Contributors: C. Aldrich, J. Cervenka, I.
Cloete, R. A. Cozzio, R. Drossu, J. Fletcher,
C.
L. Giles, F. S. Gouws, M. Hilario, M. Ishikawa,
A. Lozowski, Z. Obradovic, C. W. Omlin, M.
Riedmiller, P. Romero, G. P. J. Schmitz,
J. Sima, A. Sperduti, M. Spott, J. Weisbrod,
J. M. Zurada.
February 2000
ISBN 0-262-03274-0
500 pp., 209 illus.(cloth)