Schrijver, A., CWI, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Combinatorial Optimization
Polyhedra and Efficiency

2003 Vol. A: XXXVIII, 648 S. Vol B: XXXIV, 570 S. Vol. XXXIV, 664 S. (3 volume-set, not available separately). Hardcover
3-540-44389-4

This book offers an in-depth overview of polyhedral methods and efficient algorithms in combinatorial optimization.These methods form a broad, coherent and powerful kernel in combinatorial optimization, with strong links to discrete mathematics, mathematical programming and computer science. In eight parts, various areas are treated, each starting with an elementary introduction to the area, with short, elegant proofs of the principal results, and each evolving to the more advanced methods and results, with full proofs of some of the deepest theorems in the area. Over 4000 references to further research are given, and historical surveys on the basic subjects are presented.

Keywords: combinatorial optimization, graph theory, integer programming, polyhedral combinatorics, polynomial-time algorithms

Contents: Introduction.- Paths and Flows.- Bipartite Matching and Covering.- Nonbipartite Matching and Covering.- Matroids and Submodular Functions.- Trees, Branchings, and Connectors.- Cliques, Stable Sets and Colouring.- Multiflows and Disjoint Paths.- Hypergraphs.- Survey of Problems, Questions and Conjectures.- References.- Name Index.- Subject Index.

Series: Algorithms and Combinatorics. Volume. 24

Martinet, J., University of Bordeaux, France

Perfect Lattices in Euclidean Spaces

2003 XVIII, 523 pp. Hardcover
3-540-44236-7

Lattices are discrete subgroups of maximal rank in a Euclidean space. To each such geometrical object, we can attach a canonical sphere packing which, assuming some regularity, has a density. The question of estimating the highest possible density of a sphere packing in a given dimension is a fascinating and difficult problem: the answer is known only up to dimension 3.

This book thus discusses a beautiful and central problem in mathematics, which involves geometry, number theory, coding theory and group theory, centering on the study of extreme lattices, i.e. those on which the density attains a local maximum, and on the so-called perfection property.

Written by a leader in the field, it is closely related to, though disjoint in content from, the classic book by J.H. Conway and N.J.A. Sloane, Sphere Packings, Lattices and Groups, published in the same series as vol. 290.

Every chapter except the first and the last contains numerous exercises. For simplicity those chapters involving heavy computational methods contain only few exercises. It includes appendices on Semi-Simple Algebras and Quaternions and Strongly Perfect Lattices.

Keywords: Euclidean lattices, sphere packings, perfect lattices, eutactic lattices, number theory

Contents: General Properties of Lattices.- Geometric Inequalities.- Perfection and Eutaxy.- Root Lattices.- Lattices Related to Root Lattices.- Low-Dimensional Perfect Lattices.- The Voronoi Algorithm.- Hermitian Lattices.- The Configurations of Minimal Vectors.- Extremal Properties of Families of Lattices.- Group Actions.- Cross-Sections.- Extensions of the Voronoi Algorithm.- Numerical Data.- Appendix 1: Semi-Simple Algebras and Quaternions.- Appendix 2: Strongly Perfect Lattices.

Series: Grundlehren der mathematischen Wissenschaften. Volume. 327

Laan, M. J..., University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA; Robins, J., Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA

Unified Methods for Censored Longitudinal Data and Causality

2003 Approx. 370 p. Hardcover
0-387-95556-9

During the last decades, there has been an explosion in computation and information technology. This development comes with an expansion of complex observational studies and clinical trials in a variety of fields such as medicine, biology, epidemiology, sociology, and economics among many others, which involve collection of large amounts of data on subjects or organisms over time. The goal of such studies can be formulated as estimation of a finite dimensional parameter of the population distribution corresponding to the observed time- dependent process. Such estimation problems arise in survival analysis, causal inference and regression analysis. This book provides a fundamental statistical framework for the analysis of complex longitudinal data. It provides the first comprehensive description of optimal estimation techniques based on time-dependent data structures subject to informative censoring and treatment assignment in so called semiparametric models. Semiparametric models are particularly attractive since they allow the presence of large unmodeled nuisance parameters. These techniques include estimation of regression parameters in the familiar (multivariate) generalized linear regression and multiplicative intensity models. They go beyond standard statistical approaches by incorporating all the observed data to allow for informative censoring, to obtain maximal efficiency, and by developing estimators of causal effects. It can be used to teach masters and Ph.D. students in biostatistics and statistics and is suitable for researchers in statistics with a strong interest in the analysis of complex longitudinal data.

Contents: Introduction.- General Methodology.- Monotone Censored Data.- Cross
Sectional Data and Right Censored Data Combined.- Multivariate Right
Censored Multivariate Data.- Unified Approach for Causal Inference and
Censored Data.

Series: Springer Series in Statistics.

Lovasz, L., Microsoft Research, Redmond, WA, USA; Pelikan, J., Eotvos Lorand University, Budapest,Hungray; Vesztergombi, K. L., University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA

Discrete Mathematics
Elementary and Beyond

2003 Approx. 295 p. 95 illus. Softcover
0-387-95585-2

Discrete mathematics is quickly becoming one of the most important areas of mathematical research, with applications to cryptography, linear programming, coding theory and the theory of computing. This book is aimed at undergraduate mathematics and computer science students interested in developing a feeling for what mathematics is all about, where mathematics can be helpful, and what kinds of questions mathematicians work on. The authors discuss a number of selected results and methods of discrete mathematics, mostly from the areas of combinatorics and graph theory, with a little number theory, probability, and combinatorial geometry. Wherever possible, the authors use proofs and problem solving to help students understand the solutions to problems. In addition, there are numerous examples, figures and exercises spread throughout the book.

Laszlo Lovasz is a Senior Researcher in the Theory Group at Microsoft Corporation. He is a recipient of the 1999 Wolf Prize and the Godel Prize for the top paper in Computer Science. Jozsef Pelikan is Professor of Mathematics in the Department of Algebra and Number Theory at Eotvos Lorand University, Hungary. In 2002, he was elected Chairman of the Advisory Board of the International Mathematical Olympiad. Katalin Vesztergombi is Senior Lecturer in the Department of Mathematics at the University of Washington.

Contents: Preface.- Let us count!- Combinatorial tools.- Binomial Coefficients and Pascal's Triangle.- Fibonacci numbers.- Combinatorial probability.- Integers, divisors, and primes.- Graphs.- Trees.- Finding the optimum.- Matchings in graphs.- Combinatorics in geometry.- Euler's formula.- Coloring maps and graphs.- Finite geometries, codes, Latin squares, and other pretty creatures.- A glimpse of complexity and cryptography.- Answers to exercises.

Series: Undergraduate Texts in Mathematics.

Peller, V., Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA (Ed.)

Hankel Operators and Their Applications

2003 Approx. 720 pp. Hardcover
0-387-95548-8

This book is a systematic presentation of the theory of Hankel operators. It covers the many different areas of Hankel operators and presents a broad range of applications, such as approximation theory, prediction theory, and control theory. The author has gathered the various aspects of Hankel operators and presents their applications to other parts of analysis. This book contains numerous recent results which have never before appeared in book form. The author has created a useful reference tool by pulling this material together and unifying it with a consistent notation, in some cases even simplifying the original proofs of theorems. Hankel Operators and their Applications will be used by graduate students as well as by experts in analysis and operator theory and will become the standard reference on Hankel operators.

Vladimir Peller is Professor of Mathematics at Michigan State University. He is a leading researcher in the field of Hankel operators and he has written over 50 papers on operator theory and functional analysis.

Contents: An Introduction to Hankel Operators.- Vectorial Hankel Operators.- Toeplitz Operators.- Singular Values of Hankel Operators.- Parametrization of Solutions of the Nehari Problem.- Hankel Operators and Schatten-von Neumann Classes.- Best Approximation by Analytic and Meromorphic Functions.- An Introduction to Gaussian Spaces.- 1= Regularity Conditions for Stationary Processes.- Spectral Properties of Hankel Operators.- Hankel Operators in Control Theory.- The Inverse Spectral Problem for Self-Adjoint Hankel Operators.- Wiener-Hopf Factorizations and the Recovery Problem.- Analytic Approximation of Matrix Functions.- Hankel Operators and Similarity to a Contraction.-
Appendix I.- Appendix II.- References.- Author Index.- Subject Index.

Series: Springer Monographs in Mathematics.

Deuflhard, P., Konrad-Zuse-Zentrum, Berlin, Germany; Hohmann, A., AMS, Dusseldorf, Germany (Eds.)

Numerical Analysis in Modern Scientific Computing: An Introduction

2nd ed. 2003 Approx. 360 p. 65 illus. Hardcover
0-387-95410-4

This book provides a well-written and clear introduction to the main topics of modern numerical analysis - sequence of linear equations, error analysis, least squares, nonlinear systems, symmetric eigenvalue problems, three-term recursions, interpolation and approximation, large systems and numerical integrations. It contains a large number of examples and exercises and many figures. This text is suitable for courses in numerical analysis and can also form the basis for a numerical linear algebra course.

Contents: Linear Equations.- Error Analysis.- Linear Least Squares.- Nonlinear
Equations and Least Squares.- Symmetric Eigenvalue Problems.- Three-
Term Recursions.- Interpolation and Approximation.- Large Symmetric
Systems and Eigenvalue Problems.- Definite Integrals.

Series: Texts in Applied Mathematics. Volume. 43

Chalmond, B., Ecole Normale Superieure de Cachan, France

Modeling and Inverse Problems in Image Analysis

2003 Approx, 330 p. 68 illus. Hardcover
0-387-95547-X

More mathematicians have been taking part in the development of digital image processing as a science and the contributions are reflected in the increasingly important role modeling has played solving complex problems. This book is mostly concerned with energy-based models. Through concrete image analysis problems, the author develops consistent modeling, a know-how generally hidden in the proposed solutions. The book is divided into three main parts. The first two parts describe the materials necessary to the models expressed in the third part. These materials include splines (variational approach, regression spline, spline in high dimension), and random fields (Markovian field, parametric estimation, stochastic and deterministic optimization, continuous Gaussian field). Most of these models come from industrial projects in which the author was involved in robot vision and radiography: tracking 3D lines, radiographic image processing, 3D reconstruction and tomography, matching, deformation learning. Numerous graphical illustrations accompany the text showing the performance of the proposed models. This book will be useful to researchers and graduate students in applied mathematics, computer vision, and physics.

Contents: Introduction.- Non-Parametric Spline Models.- Parametric Spline Models.-
Auto-Associative Models.- Fundamental Aspects.- Bayesian Estimation.-
Simulation and Optimization.- Parameter Estimation.- Model-Building.-
Degradation in Imaging.- Detection of Filamentary Entities.- Reconstruction and Projections.- Matching.- References.

Series: Applied Mathematical Sciences. Volume. 155

Matveev, S., Chelyabinsk State University, Russia

Algorithmic Topology and Classification of 3-Manifolds

2003 Approx. 435 p. Hardcover
3-540-44171-9

This self-contained book by a leading topologist is devoted to algorithmic low-dimensional topology, a branch of mathematics that has recently been undergoing an intense development. The book contains plenty of important fundamental material, which is carefully presented. The book also contains some of the author's own original contributions. For the first time ever, it gives a full exposition of the complexity theory of 3-manifolds and a complete proof of the solution of the homeomorphism problem for Haken manifolds. The subject of the book is the topology of bare 3-manifolds, without geometric structures, which became incorporated into 3-dimensional topology by the work of Thurston. This non-geometric part of low-dimensional topology is presented by Matveev in a truly geometric way. Although the author emphasizes the algorithmic side of the subject, the book presents also the background non-algorithmic contents of the subject. The style of the book is very lively, with a lot of useful pictures, making the book enjoyable for those who like visual topology. The writing is clear and the proofs are careful and detailed. This book fills a gap in the exisiting literature and will become a standard reference for this aspect of 3-dimensional topology both for graduate students and researchers.

Keywords: 3-manifold, algorithmic recognition, special spine, sufficiently large manifold

Contents: 1. Simple and special polyhedra 1.1. Spines of 3-manifolds 1.2 Elementary moves on special spines 1.3 Special polyhedra which are not spines 2. Complexity theory of 3-manifolds 2.1. What is a complexity of a 3-manifold? 2.2 Properties of the complexity 2.3 Closed manifolds of small complexity 3. The Turaev-Viro invariants 3.1 The Turaev-Viro invariants 3.2 3-Manifolds having the same Turaev-Viro invariants 4. Haken theory of normal surfaces 4.1 Basic notion and Hakens scheme 4.2 Theory of normal curves 4.3 Normal surfaces in triangulated 3-manifolds 4.4 Examples of algorithms based on Hakens theory 4.5 Normal surfaces in handle decompositions 5. Algorithmic recognition of the 3-sphere 5.1 Thin position of links 5.2 Almost normal surfaces and the Rubinstein theorem 5.3 The algorithm 6. Classification of Haken 3-manifolds 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Theorem of Waldhausen 6.3 Simple skeletons and hierarchies 6.4 Jaco-Shalen-Johannson decomposition 6.5 The proof of the algorithmic classification theorem 7. Computer recognition of 3-manifolds 7.1 Simplifying moves on spines 7.2 Experimental results and conjectures 7.3 An efficient partial recognition algorithm 8. Computer calculation of the degree of maps between 3-manifolds 8.1 A conjecture of C. Legrand and H. Zieschang 8.2 Boundary cycles of Seifert 3-manifolds 8.3 Algorithm for calculating the degree 8.4 Computer implementation and results 9. Appendix 9.1 Tables of 3-manifolds up to complexity 6 9.2 Turaev-Viro invariants of manifolds up to complexity 6 9.3 Minimal spines of manifolds up to complexity 6 9.4 Sporadic 3-manifolds of complexity 7.

Series: Algorithms and Computation in Mathematics. Volume. 9