Mikhalev, Alexander, Shpilrain, Vladimir, Yu, Jietai

Combinatorial Methods
Free Groups, Polynomials, Free Algebras

Series: CMS Books in Mathematics

2004, Approx. 320 p., Hardcover
ISBN: 0-387-40562-3

About this book

The main purpose of this book is to show how ideas from combinatorial group theory have spread to two other areas of mathematics: the theory of Lie algebras and affine algebraic geometry. Some of these ideas, in turn, came to combinatorial group theory from low-dimensional topology at the beginning of the 20th Century. This book is divided into three fairly independent parts. Part I provides a brief exposition of several classical techniques in combinatorial group theory, namely, methods of Nielsen, Whitehead, and Tietze. Part II contains the main focus of the book. Here the authors show how the aforementioned techniques of combinatorial group theory found their way into affine algebraic geometry, a fascinating area of mathematics that studies polynomials and polynomial mappings. Part III illustrates how ideas from combinatorial group theory contributed to the theory of free algebras. The focus here is on Schreier varieties of algebras (a variety of algebras is said to be Schreier if any subalgebra of a free algebra of this variety is free in the same variety of algebras).

Table of contents

Preface.- Introduction.- I. Groups: Introduction. Classical Techniques. Test Elements. Other Special Elements. Automorphic Orbits.- II. Polynomial Algebras: Introduction. The Jacobian Conjecture. The Cancellation Conjecture. Nagata's Problem. The Embedding Problem. Coordinate Polynomials. Test Polynomials.- III. Free Nielsen-Schreier Algebras: Introduction. Schreier Varieties of Algebras. Rank Theorems and Primitive Elements. Generalized Primitive Elements. Free Leibniz Algebras.- References.- Notations.- Author Index.- Subject Index.

Kaczynski, Tomasz, Mischaikow, Konstantin, Mrozek, Marian

Computational Homology

Series: Applied Mathematical Sciences , Vol. 157

2004, Approx. 470 pp., Hardcover
ISBN: 0-387-40853-3

About this textbook

Homology is a powerful tool used by mathematicians to study the properties of spaces and maps that are insensitive to small perturbations. This book uses a computer to develop a combinatorial computational approach to the subject. The core of the book deals with homology theory and its computation. Following this is a section containing extensions to further developments in algebraic topology, applications to computational dynamics, and applications to image processing. Included are exercises and software that can be used to compute homology groups and maps. The book will appeal to researchers and graduate students in mathematics, computer science, engineering, and nonlinear dynamics.

Table of contents

Preview.- Cubical Homology.- Computing Homology Groups.- Chain Maps and Reduction Algorithms.- Preview of Maps.- Homology of Maps.- Computing Homology of Maps.- Prospects in Digital Image Processing.- Homological Algebra.- Nonlinear Dynamics.- Homology of Topological Polyhedra.- Topology.- Algebra.- Syntax of Algorithms.

Navarro Gonzalez, Juan B., Sancho de Salas, Juan B.

C^infinity - Differentiable Spaces

Series: Lecture Notes in Mathematics , Vol. 1824

2003, XIII, 188 p., Softcover
ISBN: 3-540-20072-X

About this book

The volume develops the foundations of differential geometry so as to include finite-dimensional spaces with singularities and nilpotent functions, at the same level as is standard in the elementary theory of schemes and analytic spaces. The theory of differentiable spaces is developed to the point of providing a handy tool including arbitrary base changes (hence fibred products, intersections and fibres of morphisms), infinitesimal neighbourhoods, sheaves of relative differentials, quotients by actions of compact Lie groups and a theory of sheaves of Frechet modules paralleling the useful theory of quasi-coherent sheaves on schemes. These notes fit naturally in the theory of C^\infinity-rings and C^\infinity-schemes, as well as in the framework of Spallek?s C^\infinity-standard differentiable spaces, and they require a certain familiarity with commutative algebra, sheaf theory, rings of differentiable functions and Frechet spaces.

Table of contents

Introduction.- 1. Differentiable Manifolds.- 2. Differentiable Algebras.- 3. Differentiable Spaces.- 4. Topology of Differentiable Spaces.- 5. Embeddings.- 6. Topological Tensor Products.- 7. Fibred Products.- 8. Topological Localization.- 9. Finite Morphisms.- 10. Smooth Morphisms.- 11. Quotients by Compact Lie Groups.- A. Sheaves of Frechet Modules.- B. Space of Jets.- References.- Index.

Bramble, James H., Cohen, Albert, Dahmen, Wolfgang, Canuto, Claudio (Ed.)

Multiscale Problems and Methods in Numerical Simulations
Lectures given at the C.I.M.E. Summer School held in Martina Franca, Italy, September 9-15, 2001

Series: Lecture Notes in Mathematics
Series: Fondazione C.I.M.E., Firenze , Vol. 1825

2003, XIII, 163 p., Softcover
ISBN: 3-540-20099-1

About this book

This volume aims to disseminate a number of new ideas that have emerged in the last few years in the field of numerical simulation, all bearing the common denominator of the "multiscale" or "multilevel" paradigm. This covers the presence of multiple relevant "scales" in a physical phenomenon; the detection and representation of "structures", localized in space or in frequency, in the solution of a mathematical model; the decomposition of a function into "details" that can be organized and accessed in decreasing order of importance; and the iterative solution of systems of linear algebraic equations using "multilevel" decompositions of finite dimensional spaces.

Table of contents

Preface.- A. Cohen: Theoretical Applied and Computational Aspects of Nonlinear Approximation.- W. Dahmen: Multiscale and Wavelet Methods for Operator Equations.- J. H. Bramble: Multilevel Methods in Finite Elements

Hunt, B.R.; Kennedy, J.A.; Li, T.-Y.; Nusse, H.E. (Eds.)

The Theory of Chaotic Attractors

2003, Approx. 500 p., Hardcover
ISBN: 0-387-40349-3

About this book

This volume contains a selection of the most important papers in the theory of chaotic attractors over the past 40 years. It is dedicated to James Yorke - a pioneer in the field and a recipient of the 2003 Japan prize - on the occasion of his 60th birthday. The volume includes an introduction to Yorke's work and an overview of key developments in the theory of chaotic attractors.

Table of contents

From the contents: Introduction (I. Who is James Yorke? II. Chaos and SLYRB measures: The development of the theory of chaotic attractors).- E.N. Lorenz, Deterministic nonperiodic flow (1963).- K. Krzyzewski and W. Szlenk, On invariant measures for expanding differentiable mappings (1969).- A. Lasota and J.A. Yorke, On the existence of invariant measures for piecewise monotonic transformations (1973).- R. Bowen and D. Ruelle, The ergodic theory of Axiom A flows (1975).- T.-Y. Li and J.A. Yorke, Period three implies chaos (1975).- R.M. May, Simple mathematical models with very complicated dynamics (1976).- M. Henon, A two- dimensional mapping with a strange attractor (1976).- E. Ott, Strange attractors and chaotic motions of dynamical systems (1981).- F. Hofbauer and G. Keller, Ergodic properties of invariant measures for piecewise monotonic transformations (1982).- D. J. Farmer, E. Ott and J.A. Yorke, The dimension of chaotic attractors (1983).- P. Grassberger and I. Procaccia, Measuring the strangeness of strange attractors (1983).- M. Rychlik, Invariant measures and variational principle for Lozi applications (1983).- P. Collet and Y. Levy, Ergodic properties of the Lozi mappings (1984). ...
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Renardy, Michael, Rogers, Robert C.

An Introduction to Partial Differential Equations,2nd ed.

Series: Texts in Applied Mathematics , Vol. 13

2004, Approx. 440 p. 21 illus., Hardcover
ISBN: 0-387-00444-0

About this textbook

Partial differential equations are fundamental to the modeling of natural phenomena, arising in every field of science. Consequently, the desire to understand the solutions of these equations has always had a prominent place in the efforts of mathematicians; it has inspired such diverse fields as complex function theory, functional analysis and algebraic topology. Like algebra, topology, and rational mechanics, partial differential equations are a core area of mathematics. This book aims to provide the background necessary to initiate work on a Ph.D. thesis in PDEs for beginning graduate students. Prerequisites include a truly advanced calculus course and basic complex variables. Lebesgue integration is needed only in Chapter 10, and the necessary tools from functional analysis are developed within the course. The book can be used to teach a variety of different courses. This new edition features new problems throughout and the problems have been rearranged in each section from simplest to most difficult. New examples have also been added. The material on Sobolev spaces has been rearranged and expanded. A new section on nonlinear variational problems with "Young-measure" solutions appears. The reference section has also been expanded.

Table of contents

Introduction* Characteristics* Conservation Laws and Shocks* Maximum Principles* Distributions* Function Spaces* Sobolev Spaces * Operator Theory * Linear Elliptic Equations * Nonlinear Elliptic Equations * Energy Methods for Evolution Problems * Semigroup Methods * References * Index

Husemoller, Dale

Elliptic Curves, 2nd ed.

Series: Graduate Texts in Mathematics , Vol. 111

2004, Approx. 400 pp. 50 illus., Hardcover
ISBN: 0-387-95490-2

About this textbook

This book is an introduction to the theory of elliptic curves, ranging from its most elementary aspects to current research. The first part, which grew out of Tate's Haverford lectures, covers the elementary arithmetic theory of elliptic curves over the rationals. The next two chapters recast the arguments used in the proof of the Mordell theorem into the context of Galois cohomology and descent theory. This is followed by three chapters on the analytic theory of elliptic curves, including such topics as elliptic functions, theta functions, and modular functions. Next, the theory of endomorphisms and elliptic curves over infinite and local fields are discussed. The book then continues by providing a survey of results in the arithmetic theory, especially those related to the conjecture of the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer. This new edition contains three new chapters which explore recent directions and extensions of the theory of elliptic curves and the addition of two new appendices. The first appendix, written by Stefan Theisan, examines the role of Calabi-Yau manifolds in string theory, while the second, by Otto Forster, discusses the use of elliptic curves in computing theory and coding theory. Dale Husemoller is a member of the faculty at the Max Planck Institute of Mathematics in Bonn.

Table of contents

Introduction to Rational Points on Plane Curves * Elementary Properties of the Chord-Tangent Group Law on a Cubic Curve * Plane Algebraic Curves * Factorial Rings and Elimination Theory * Elliptic Curves and Their Isomorphism * Families of Elliptic Curves and Geometric Properties of Torsion Points * Reduction mod p and Torsion Points * Proof of Mordell's Finite Generation Theorem * Galois Cohomology and Isomorphism Classification of Elliptic Curves over Arbitrary Fields * Descent and Galois Cohomology * Elliptic and Hypergeometric Functions * Theta Functions * Modular Functions * Endomorphisms of Elliptic Curves * Elliptic Curves over Finite Fields * Elliptic Curves over Local Fields * Elliptic Curves over Global Fields and l-adic Representations * L-Functions of an Elliptic Curve and Its Analytic Continuation * Remarks on the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer Conjecture * Remarks on the Modular Curves Conjecture and Fermat's Last Theorem * Higher Dimensional Analogs of Elliptic Curves: Calabi-Yau Varieties * Families of Elliptic Curves * Appendix I: Calabi-Yau Manifolds and String Theory * Appendix II: Elliptic Curves in Algorithmic Number Theory * Appendix III: Guide to the Exercises * Bibliography * Index