Calixto Badesa

The Birth of Model Theory:
Lowenheim's Theorem in the Frame of the Theory of Relatives

Cloth | February 2004 | ISBN: 0-691-05853-9
256 pp. | 6 x 9

Lowenheim's theorem reflects a critical point in the history of mathematical logic, for it marks the birth of model theory--that is, the part of logic that concerns the relationship between formal theories and their models. However, while the original proofs of other, comparably significant theorems are well understood, this is not the case with Lowenheim's theorem. For example, the very result that scholars attribute to Lowenheim today is not the one that Skolem--a logician raised in the algebraic tradition, like Lowenheim--appears to have attributed to him. In The Birth of Model Theory, Calixto Badesa provides both the first sustained, book-length analysis of Lowenheim's proof and a detailed description of the theoretical framework--and, in particular, of the algebraic tradition--that made the theorem possible.

Badesa's three main conclusions amount to a completely new interpretation of the proof, one that sharply contradicts the core of modern scholarship on the topic. First, Lowenheim did not use an infinitary language to prove his theorem; second, the functional interpretation of Lowenheim's normal form is anachronistic, and inappropriate for reconstructing the proof; and third, Lowenheim did not aim to prove the theorem's weakest version but the stronger version Skolem attributed to him. This book will be of considerable interest to historians of logic, logicians, philosophers of logic, and philosophers of mathematics.

Calixto Badesa is Associate Professor of Logic and History of Logic at the University of Barcelona.

Endorsements:

"A first-rate contribution to the history and philosophy of logic, this is scholarship at its best. It is, to my knowledge, the first book in the history of logic that focuses completely on a single result. Very original in approach and conception, it goes against the grain of much recent scholarship. Given the complexity of the subject, Badesa could not have done a better job of being clear and making the presentation accessible."--Paolo Mancosu, University of California, Berkeley

"The Birth of Model Theory represents a long overdue, in-depth analysis and exposition of one of the most important results in mathematical logic. There are hardly any informed, sustained treatments of Lowenheim's work to be found in the literature. This well-written book should fill this gap."--Richard Zach, University of Calgary

"This book will be extremely useful to those seeking to make sense of Lowenheim's work and those seeking to put it into its historical context. Calixto Badesa draws well-supported conclusions that contradict the entire modern body of scholarship on the topic."--Shaughan Lavine, University of Arizona

Jacques Gasqui and Hubert Goldschmidt

Radon Transforms and the Rigidity of the Grassmannians

Paper | February 2004 | ISBN: 0-691-11899-X
Cloth | February 2004 | ISBN: 0-691-11898-1
376 pp. | 6 x 9

This book provides the first unified examination of the relationship between Radon transforms on symmetric spaces of compact type and the infinitesimal versions of two fundamental rigidity problems in Riemannian geometry. Its primary focus is the spectral rigidity problem: Can the metric of a given Riemannian symmetric space of compact type be characterized by means of the spectrum of its Laplacian? It also addresses a question rooted in the Blaschke problem: Is a Riemannian metric on a projective space whose geodesics are all closed and of the same length isometric to the canonical metric?

The authors comprehensively treat the results concerning Radon transforms and the infinitesimal versions of these two problems. Their main result implies that most Grassmannians are spectrally rigid to the first order. This is particularly important, for there are still few isospectrality results for positively curved spaces and these are the first such results for symmetric spaces of compact type of rank >1. The authors exploit the theory of overdetermined partial differential equations and harmonic analysis on symmetric spaces to provide criteria for infinitesimal rigidity that apply to a large class of spaces.

A substantial amount of basic material about Riemannian geometry, symmetric spaces, and Radon transforms is included in a clear and elegant presentation that will be useful to researchers and advanced students in differential geometry.

Jacques Gasqui is Professor of Mathematics at Institut Fourier, Universite de Grenoble I. Hubert Goldschmidt is Visiting Professor of Mathematics at Columbia University and Professeur des Universites in France.

Series:

Annals of Mathematics Studies

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Richard M. Weiss

The Structure of Spherical Buildings

Cloth | February 2004 | ISBN: 0-691-11733-0
160 pp. | 6 x 9 | 16 line illus.

This book provides a clear and authoritative introduction to the theory of buildings, a topic of central importance to mathematicians interested in the geometric aspects of group theory. Its detailed presentation makes it suitable for graduate students as well as specialists. Richard Weiss begins with an introduction to Coxeter groups and goes on to present basic properties of arbitrary buildings before specializing to the spherical case. Buildings are described throughout in the language of graph theory.

The Structure of Spherical Buildings includes a reworking of the proof of Jacques Tits's Theorem 4.1.2. upon which Tits's classification of thick irreducible spherical buildings of rank at least three is based. In fact, this is the first book to include a proof of this famous result since its original publication. Theorem 4.1.2 is followed by a systematic study of the structure of spherical buildings and their automorphism groups based on the Moufang property. Moufang buildings of rank two were recently classified by Tits and Weiss. The last chapter provides an overview of the classification of spherical buildings, one that reflects these and other important developments.

Richard M. Weiss is William Walker Professor at Tufts University. He is the coauthor, with Jacques Tits, of Moufang Polygons.

Endorsements:

"This is the best currently available introduction to the theory of buildings. And it brings the reader to a very important theorem in the theory of spherical buildings. Moreover, it is very carefully written: obviously the author spent quite some time arranging the different results in the right order, which isn't a straightforward task. As for explaining the really hard part of the classification of spherical buildings, this book is a perfect complement to the existing literature."--Hendrik Van Maldeghem, Ghent University

"This book makes an important contribution to the theory of buildings, developing some material in ways that were unavailable until recently. Weiss is an expert in the field who has produced a book that will be useful to anyone learning the subject."--Mark A. Ronan, University of Illinois at Chicago and University College London

Stephen L. Campbell and Ramine Nikoukhah

Auxiliary Signal Design for Failure Detection

Cloth | April 2004 | ISBN: 0-691-09987-1
208 pp. | 6 x 9 | 70 line illus.

Many industries, such as transportation and manufacturing, use control systems to insure that parameters such as temperature or altitude behave in a desirable way over time. For example, pilots need assurance that the plane they are flying will maintain a particular heading. An integral part of control systems is a mechanism for failure detection to insure safety and reliability.

This book offers an alternative failure detection approach that addresses two of the fundamental problems in the safe and efficient operation of modern control systems: failure detection--deciding when a failure has occurred--and model identification--deciding which kind of failure has occurred. Much of the work in both categories has been based on statistical methods and under the assumption that a given system was monitored passively.

Campbell and Nikoukhah's book proposes an "active" multimodel approach. It calls for applying an auxiliary signal that will affect the output so that it can be used to easily determine if there has been a failure and what type of failure it is. This auxiliary signal must be kept small, and often brief in duration, in order not to interfere with system performance and to ensure timely detection of the failure. The approach is robust and uses tools from robust control theory. Unlike some approaches, it is applicable to complex systems. The authors present the theory in a rigorous and intuitive manner and provide practical algorithms for implementation of the procedures.

Stephen L.Campbell is Professor of Mathematics at North Carolina State University. Ramine Nikoukhah is Senior Scientist (Directeur de Recherche) at Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (INRIA) in France.

Endorsements:

"This book describes the first comprehensive methodology for active failure detection over finite and infinite intervals of observation. The authors are the top researchers in this field, and I anticipate their book will prompt other significant contributions."--Bernard Levy, University of California, Davis

"This is the first book I have seen that thoroughly and rigorously addresses an important niche in failure detection."--Frank Lewis, University of Texas, Arlington

Series: Princeton Series in Applied Mathematic
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