Colin Bruce

Schrodinger's Rabbits: The Many Worlds of Quantum

282 pages, 6 x 9, 2004, ISBN 0-309-08051-2

Description

For the better part of a century, attempts to explain what was really going on in the quantum world seemed doomed to failure. But recent technological advances have made the question both practical and urgent. A brilliantly imaginative group of physicists at Oxford University have risen to the challenge. This is their story.
At long last, there is a sensible way to think about quantum mechanics. The new view abolishes the need to believe in randomness, long-range spooky forces, or conscious observers with mysterious powers to collapse cats into a state of life or death. But the new understanding comes at a price: we must accept that we live in a multiverse wherein countless versions of reality unfold side-by-side. The philosophical and personal consequences of this are awe-inspiring.

The new interpretation has allowed imaginative physicists to conceive of wonderful new technologies: measuring devices that effectively share information between worlds and computers that can borrow the power of other worlds to perform calculations. Step by step, the problems initially associated with the original many-worlds formulation have been addressed and answered so that a clear but startling new picture has emerged.

Just as Copenhagen was the centre of quantum discussion a lifetime ago, so Oxford has been the epicenter of the modern debate, with such figures as Roger Penrose and Anton Zeilinger fighting for single-world views, and David Deutsch, Lev Vaidman and a host of others for many-worlds.

An independent physicist living in Oxford, Bruce has had a ringside seat to the debate. In his capable hands, we understand why the initially fantastic sounding many-worlds view is not only a useful way to look at things, but logically compelling. Parallel worlds are as real as the distant galaxies detected by the Hubble Space Telescope, even though the evidence for their existence may consist only of a few photons.

Review

"To the average reader trying to understand current theories of the subatomic quantum world, terms like nonlocality, decoherence and quantum collapse must sound like fantastical notions tossed about at an ivory-tower tea party. British physicist Bruce attempts to put into plain English what physicists, especially those based in Oxford, think is happening in this invisible world that binds the universe together. ... Bruce illustrates these mind-altering concepts via accessible stories and illustrations."
-- Publishers Weekly, October 18

"Schrodinger's Rabbits made me feel less bad for never having understood quantum physics. Excellent for broadening the mind of the non-expert; valuable psychotherapy for the confused physicist."
-- Joao Magueijo, author of Faster Than the Speed of Light

"A lucid and vivid exposition of a murky subject which famously confuses even professional physicists."
-- A. Zee, author of Einstein's Universe and Fearful Symmetry

"Bruce's witty, fast-paced account of current controversies in quantum physics will keep you on the edge of your seat. An eloquent introduction to one of the deepest mysteries in modern science."
-- Paul Halpern, author of The Great Beyond: Higher Dimensions, Parallel Universes and the Extraordinary Search for a Theory of Everything

"Mr. Bruce is our expert tour guide on a wild, thought-provoking ride through the Twilight Zone world of quantum theory, where objects can be two places at the same time, disappear and reappear somewhere else, and exist simultaneously in many parallel universes."
-- Michio Kaku, author of Hyperspace, Parallel Worlds, and Einstein's Cosmos

Madan Lal Metha
C.E.A. de Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France

Random Matrices, Third Edition

(Pure and Applied Mathematics, Volume 142)

ISBN: 0-12-088409-7 Book/Hardback
Measurements: 9 15/16 X 5 in Pages: 708

Presentation of many new results in one place for the first time.
First time coverage of skew-orthogonal and bi-orthogonal polynomials and their use in the evaluation of some multiple integrals.
Fredholm determinants and Painleve equations.
The three Gaussian ensembles (unitary, orthogonal, and symplectic); their n-point correlations, spacing probabilities.
Fredholm determinants and inverse scattering theory.
Probability densities of random determinants.

Description

This book gives a coherent and detailed description of analytical methods devised to study random matrices. Given the distribution of matrix elements satisfying certain symmetry conditions, the problem is to find the distribution of quantities depending on a few of its eigenvalues. The passage from matrix elements to all the eigenvalues is simpler than that from all the eigenvalues to a few of them. To achieve this purpose one introduces two kinds of skew-orthogonal polynomials and the method of integration over alternate variables. In the limit of large matrices one is led to the theory of integral equations and non-linear differential equations. All this is relevent to describe nuclear excitations, ultra-sonic resonances of structural materials, spectra of chaotic systems, zeros of Riemann and other zeta functions and in general, the characteristic energies of any sufficiently complicated system. The same mathematiical tools can be hopefully applied in the study of stationary random processes.

Since the publication of the second editiion of Random Matrices in 1991, an old result has been better appreciated and many new ones have emerged. This revised and enlarged edition reflects these developements. For example, the theory of skew-orthogoanl and bi-orthogonal polynomials, parallel to that of the widely known and used orthogonal polynomials, is explained here for the first time. As the new material added one may list the intimate relations among the three classic ensembles (orthogonal, unitary and symplectic), power series expansions of the spacing functions, use fo non-linear differential equations to deduce power series and asymptotic expansions surpassing the previously used inverse scattering method, statistical properties of Gaussian real matrices without symmetry, correlations for Hermitian matrices coupled in a chain, probability density of the determinants of matrices taken from various matrix ensembles, and the relatiion between random permutations to the so called unitary ensembles, circular or Gaussian.

Contents

This book gives a coherent and detailed description of analytical methods devised to study random matrices. Given the distribution of matrix elements satisfying certain symmetry conditions, the problem is to find the distribution of quantities depending on a few of its eigenvalues. The passage from matrix elements to all the eigenvalues is simpler than that from all the eigenvalues to a few of them. To achieve this purpose one introduces two kinds of skew-orthogonal polynomials and the method of integration over alternate variables. In the limit of large matrices one is led to the theory of integral equations and non-linear differential equations. All this is relevent to describe nuclear excitations, ultra-sonic resonances of structural materials, spectra of chaotic systems, zeros of Riemann and other zeta functions and in general, the characteristic energies of any sufficiently complicated system. The same mathematiical tools can be hopefully applied in the study of stationary random processes.

Since the publication of the second editiion of Random Matrices in 1991, an old result has been better appreciated and many new ones have emerged. This revised and enlarged edition reflects these developements. For example, the theory of skew-orthogoanl and bi-orthogonal polynomials, parallel to that of the widely known and used orthogonal polynomials, is explained here for the first time. As the new material added one may list the intimate relations among the three classic ensembles (orthogonal, unitary and symplectic), power series expansions of the spacing functions, use fo non-linear differential equations to deduce power series and asymptotic expansions surpassing the previously used inverse scattering method, statistical properties of Gaussian real matrices without symmetry, correlations for Hermitian matrices coupled in a chain, probability density of the determinants of matrices taken from various matrix ensembles, and the relatiion between random permutations to the so called unitary ensembles, circular or Gaussian.

Zemanian, Armen H.

Graphs and Networks
Transfinite and Nonstandard

2004, XII, 202 p., Softcover
ISBN: 3-7643-4292-7

About this book

This book examines results on transfinite graphs and networks achieved through research over the past several years. Two initial chapters present preliminary theory, summarizing all essential ideas needed. Subsequent chapters are devoted entirely to novel results and cover: Connectedness ideas and their relationship to hypergraphs ? Distance ideas and their extension to transfinite graphs with more complications, such as the replacement of natural-number distances by ordinal-number distances ? Nontransitivity of path-based connectedness alleviated by replacing paths with walks, leading to a more powerful theory for transfinite graphs and networks ? The use of nonstandard analysis in novel ways that leads to several entirely new results concerning hyperreal operating points; this use of hyperreals encompasses for the first time transfinite networks and transmission lines containing inductances and capacitances, in addition to resistances. The book will appeal to diverse readers, including graduate students, electrical engineers, mathematicians, and physicists. Moreover, the growing and presently substantial number of mathematicians working in nonstandard analysis may well be attracted by the novel application of the analysis employed in the work.

Table of contents

Preface * Some Preliminaries * Transfinite Graphs * Connectedness, Trees, and Hypergraphs * Ordinal Distances in Transfinite Graphs * Walk-Based Transfinite Graphs and Networks * Hyperreal Currents and Voltages in Transfinite Networks * Hyperreal Transients in Transfinite RLC Networks * Nonstandard Graphs and Networks * Appendix A: Some Elements of Nonstandard Analysis * Appendix B: The Fibonacci Numbers * Appendix C: A Laplace Transform for an Artificial RC Cable * References * Index


Amann, Herbert, Escher, Joachim

Analysis I

2004, Approx. 468 p., Softcover
ISBN: 3-7643-7153-6
October 2004

About this textbook

This book is the first of a three volume introduction to analysis. It is distinguished by its modern and clear presentation, concentrating always on the essential concepts. In contrast to most other textbooks, there is no artificial separation between the theories of one variable and that of many variables. Emphasis is placed on the early development of a solid foundation in topology. As well, the basics of complex analysis are covered. "This textbook provides an outstanding introduction to analysis. It is distinguished by its high level of presentation and its focus on the essential." Zeitschrift fur Analysis und ihre Anwendung 18 (1999), No. 4 (G. Berger, review of the first German edition) "One advantage of this presentation is that the power of the abstract concepts are convincingly demonstrated using concrete applications." W. Grolz, review of the first German edition

Table of contents

Preface.- Basics.- Convergence.- Continuous Functions.- Calculus in One Variable.- Sequences of Functions.- Bibliography.- Index

Ecker, Klaus

Regularity Theory for Mean Curvature Flow

Series : Progress in Nonlinear Differential Equations and Their Applications , Vol. 57
2004, VIII, 144 p. 16 illus., Softcover
ISBN: 0-8176-3781-8

About this book

This work is devoted to the motion of surfaces for which the normal velocity at every point is given by the mean curvature at that point; this geometric heat flow process is called mean curvature flow. Mean curvature flow and related geometric evolution equations are important tools in mathematics and mathematical physics. A major example is Hamilton's Ricci flow program, which has the aim of settling Thurston's geometrization conjecture, with recent major progress due to Perelman. Another important application of a curvature flow process is the resolution of the famous Penrose conjecture in general relativity by Huisken and Ilmanen. Under mean curvature flow, surfaces usually develop singularities in finite time. This work presents techniques for the study of singularities of mean curvature flow and is largely based on the work of K. Brakke, although more recent developments are incorporated.

Table of contents

Preface.- Introduction.- Special Solutions and Global Behaviour.- Local Estimates via the Maximum Principle.- Integral Estimates and Monotonicity Formulas.- Regularity Theory at the First Singular Time.- A Geometry of Hypersurfaces.- Derivation of the Evolution Equations.- Background on Geometric Measure Theory.- Local Results for Minimal Hypersurfaces.- Remarks on Brakke's Clearing Out Lemma.- Local Monotonicity in Closed Form.- Bibliography.- Index.