Hardback (ISBN-13: 9780521517294)
17 b/w illus. 5 tables
Page extent: 492 pages
Size: 234 x 156 mm
This book treats bounded arithmetic and propositional proof complexity from the point of view of computational complexity. The first seven chapters include the necessary logical background for the material and are suitable for a graduate course. Associated with each of many complexity classes are both a two-sorted predicate calculus theory, with induction restricted to concepts in the class, and a propositional proof system. The complexity classes range from AC0 for the weakest theory up to the polynomial hierarchy. Each bounded theorem in a theory translates into a family of (quantified) propositional tautologies with polynomial size proofs in the corresponding proof system. The theory proves the soundness of the associated proof system. The result is a uniform treatment of many systems in the literature, including Buss’s theories for the polynomial hierarchy and many disparate systems for complexity classes such as AC0, AC0(m), TC0, NC1, L, NL, NC, and P.
* Suitable as an advanced graduate text * Contains a wealth of original
material * Will serve as a valuable reference for proof complexity
1. Introduction; 2. The predicate calculus and the system; 3. Peano arithmetic and its subsystems; 4. Two-sorted logic and complexity classes; 5. The theory V0 and AC0; 6. The theory V1 and polynomial time; 7. Propositional translations; 8. Theories for polynomial time and beyond; 9. Theories for small classes; 10. Proof systems and the reflection principle; 11. Computation models.
Hardback (ISBN-13: 9780521761192)
Paperback (ISBN-13: 9780521131384)
50 exercises
Page extent: 300 pages
Size: 263 x 210 mm
Aimed at advanced undergraduates, this self-contained textbook covers the key ideas of special and general relativity together with their applications. The textbook introduces students to basic geometric concepts, such as metrics, connections and curvature, before examining general relativity in more detail. It shows the observational evidence supporting the theory, and the description general relativity provides of black holes and cosmological space-times. The textbook is in full colour, with numerous worked examples and exercises with solutions. Key points and equations are highlighted for easy identification, and each chapter ends with a summary list of important concepts and results. This textbook provides the essential background for an up-to-date discussion of modern observational cosmology. Each chapter builds on the previous one as concepts are developed, making it ideal for self-study.
* Provides the essential background for an up-to-date discussion of modern
observational cosmology * Each chapter builds on the previous one as concepts
are developed, making it ideal for self-study * Contains worked examples,
exercises with solutions, and summary lists of important concepts and results
1. Special relativity and spacetime; 2. Special relativity and physical laws; 3. Geometry and curved spacetime; 4. General relativity; 5. The Schwarzschild solution and black holes; 6. Testing general relativity; 7. Cosmological solutions; 8. Our Universe; Index.
Series: New Mathematical Monographs (No. 15)
Hardback (ISBN-13: 9780521766685)
4 b/w illus.
Page extent: 375 pages
Size: 228 x 152 mm
This is a self-contained account of the state of the art in classical complex multiplication that includes recent results on rings of integers and applications to cryptography using elliptic curves. The author is exhaustive in his treatment, giving a thorough development of the theory of elliptic functions, modular functions and quadratic number fields and providing a concise summary of the results from class field theory. The main results are accompanied by numerical examples, equipping any reader with all the tools and formulas they need. Topics covered include: the construction of class fields over quadratic imaginary number fields by singular values of the modular invariant j and Weber’s tau-function; explicit construction of rings of integers in ray class fields and Galois module structure; the construction of cryptographically relevant elliptic curves over finite fields; proof of Berwick’s congruences using division values of the Weierstrass p-function; relations between elliptic units and class numbers.
* An up-to-date treatment including all the most recent results * Requisite
topics are fully developed by the author * Brings together the state of
the art in the field of classical complex multiplication
Preface; 1. Elliptic functions; 2. Modular functions; 3. Basic facts from number theory; 4. Factorisation of singular values; 5. The reciprocity law; 6. Generation of ring class fields and ray class fields; 7. Integral basis in ray class fields; 8. Galois module structure; 9. Berwick's congruences; 10. Cryptographically relevant elliptic curves; 11. The class number formulas of Curt Meyer; 12. Arithmetic interpretation of class number formulas; References; Index of notation; Index.
Series: Cambridge Series in Statistical and Probabilistic Mathematics (No. 30)
Hardback (ISBN-13: 9780521760188)
33 b/w illus. 140 exercises
Page extent: 420 pages
Size: 253 x 177 mm
This eagerly awaited textbook covers everything the graduate student in probability wants to know about Brownian motion, as well as the latest research in the area. Starting with the construction of Brownian motion, the book then proceeds to sample path properties like continuity and nowhere differentiability. Notions of fractal dimension are introduced early and are used throughout the book to describe fine properties of Brownian paths. The relation of Brownian motion and random walk is explored from several viewpoints, including a development of the theory of Brownian local times from random walk embeddings. Stochastic integration is introduced as a tool and an accessible treatment of the potential theory of Brownian motion clears the path for an extensive treatment of intersections of Brownian paths. An investigation of exceptional points on the Brownian path and an appendix on SLE processes, by Oded Schramm and Wendelin Werner, lead directly to recent research themes.
* An essential purchase for both pure and applied probabilists * Material
has been class-tested in the USA and Europe * Features 140 exercises with
many solutions and hints also provided
Preface; Frequently used notation; Motivation; 1. Brownian motion as a random function; 2. Brownian motion as a strong Markov process; 3. Harmonic functions, transience and recurrence; 4. Hausdorff dimension: techniques and applications; 5. Brownian motion and random walk; 6. Brownian local time; 7. Stochastic integrals and applications; 8. Potential theory of Brownian motion; 9. Intersections and self-intersections of Brownian paths; 10. Exceptional sets for Brownian motion; Appendix A. Further developments: 11. Stochastic Loewner evolution and its applications to planar Brownian motion; Appendix B. Background and prerequisites; Hints and solutions for selected exercises; References; Index.
Series: London Mathematical Society Lecture Note Series (No. 370)
Paperback (ISBN-13: 9780521148566)
Page extent: 350 pages
Size: 228 x 152 mm
This is the first book devoted to the theory of p-adic wavelets and pseudo-differential equations in the framework of distribution theory. This relatively recent theory has become increasingly important in the last decade with exciting applications in a variety of fields, including biology, image analysis, psychology, and information science. p-Adic mathematical physics also plays an important role in quantum mechanics and quantum field theory, the theory of strings, quantum gravity and cosmology, and solid state physics. The authors include many new results, some of which constitute new areas in p-adic analysis related to the theory of distributions, such as wavelet theory, the theory of pseudo-differential operators and equations, asymptotic methods, and harmonic analysis. Any researcher working with applications of p-adic analysis will find much of interest in this book. Its extended introduction and self-contained presentation also make it accessible to graduate students approaching the theory for the first time.
* Contains introductions to the theory of p-adic numbers, p-adic functions
and p-adic distributions suitable for the non-specialist * Contains many
new results recently published in leading journals * Self-contained presentation
makes the book suitable for use in graduate courses
Preface; 1. p-Adic numbers; 2. p-Adic functions; 3. p-Adic integration theory; 4. p-Adic distributions; 5. Some results from p-adic L- and L- theories; 6. The theory of associated and quasi associated homogeneous p-adic distributions; 7. p-Adic Lizorkin spaces of test functions and distributions; 8. The theory of p-adic wavelets; 9. Pseudo-differential operators on the p-adic Lizorkin spaces; 10. Pseudo-differential equations; 11. p-Adic Schrodinger-type operator with point interactions; 12. Distributional asymptotics and p-adic Tauberian theorems; 13. Asymptotics of the p-adic singular Fourier integrals; 14. Nonlinear theories of p-adic generalized functions; A. The theory of associated and quasi associated homogeneous real distributions; B. Two identities; C. Proof of a theorem on weak asymptotic expansions; D. One 'natural' way to introduce a measure on Q; References; Index.