Format: Hardback, 254 pages, height x width: 235x155 mm, 76 Illustrations, black and white; XVII, 254 p. 76 illus.
Series: Studies in Fuzziness and Soft Computing 424
Pub. Date: 30-Mar-2023
ISBN-13: 9783031231070
This book examines some issues involving climate change, human trafficking, and other serious world challenges made worse by climate change. Climate change increases the risk of natural disasters and thus creates poverty and can cause situations of conflict and instability. Displacement can occur giving traffickers an opportunity to exploit affected people.
In the fuzzy graph theory part of the book, the relatively new concepts of fuzzy soft semigraphs and graph structures are used to study human trafficking, as well as its time intuitionistic fuzzy sets that have been introduced to model forest fires. The notion of legal and illegal incidence strength is used to analyze immigration to the USA. The examination of return refugees to their origin countries is undertaken. The neighborhood connectivity index is determined for trafficking in various regions in the world. The cycle connectivity measure for the directed graph of the flow from South America to the USA is calculated. It is determined that there is a need for improvement in government response by countries.
Outside the area of fuzzy graph theory, a new approach to examine climate change is introduced. Social network theory is used to study feedback processes that effect climate forcing. Tipping points in climate change are considered. The relationship between terrorism and climate change is examined. Ethical issues concerning the obligation of business organizations to reduce carbon emissions are also considered.
Nonstandard analysis is a possible new area that could be used by scholars of mathematics of uncertainty. A foundation is laid to aid the researcher in the understanding of nonstandard analysis. In order to accomplish this, a discussion of some basic concepts from first-order logic is presented as some concepts of mathematics of uncertainty. An application to the theory of relativity is presented.
Preliminaries.- Nonstandard Analysis.- Social Networks and Climate Change.- Climate Change and Consequences.- Fuzzy Soft Semigraphs and Graph Structures.- Directed Fuzzy Incidence Graphs.- Max-flow Min-cut Theorem for Directed Fuzzy Incidence Networks.- Cycle Connectivity of Fuzzy Graphs with Applications.- Neighborhood Connectivity in Fuzzy Graphs.- Cyclic Connectivity Status and Integrity Index of Fuzzy Graphs.
Format: Paperback / softback, 70 pages, height x width: 235x155 mm, 11 Illustrations, black and white; XII, 70 p. 11 illus.
Pub. Date: 01-Apr-2023
ISBN-13: 9783031238482
This book discusses the payout phase of the old-age pension saving scheme, the so-called effective premium, and offers detailed actuarial models and analyses of five old-age pension saving products used in practice. These include the basic permanent monthly annuity, without any benefits for survivors, as well as products which, in addition, also include benefits for survivors or authorized persons in the event of the pensioner's death. The purpose of the book is to point out the method of determining future old-age pensions from old-age pension savings, and to present the advantages and disadvantages of such a pension. The book also emphasizes the role of the profitability testing of the products and answers questions concerning the effectiveness of old-age pension savings and insurance. The book is primarily intended for students of actuarial and financial mathematics and future economists.
Preface.- Part I Introduction and Preliminaries.- Preliminaries.- Model of Longevity.- Part II Selected Payout Products.- Selected Life Old-age Pension Products.- Analysis of the Products.- Test of Profitability.- Part III Conclusions and Recommendations.- Research Questions and Hypotheses.-Appendices.- Index.
Format: Hardback, height x width: 235x155 mm, Approx. 490 p., 1 Hardback
Series: Probability Theory and Stochastic Modelling 103
Pub. Date: 03-Apr-2023
ISBN-13: 9783662669099
This book provides a compact introduction to the theory of measure-valued branching processes, immigration processes and Ornstein-Uhlenbeck type processes. Measure-valued branching processes arise as high density limits of branching particle systems. The first part of the book gives an analytic construction of a special class of such processes, the Dawson-Watanabe superprocesses, which includes the finite-dimensional continuous-state branching process as an example. Under natural assumptions, it is shown that the superprocesses have Borel right realizations. Transformations are then used to derive the existence and regularity of several different forms of the superprocesses. This technique simplifies the constructions and gives useful new perspectives. Martingale problems of superprocesses are discussed under Feller type assumptions. The second part investigates immigration structures associated with the measure-valued branching processes. The structures are formulated by skew convolution semigroups, which are characterized in terms of infinitely divisible probability entrance laws. A theory of stochastic equations for one-dimensional continuous-state branching processes with or without immigration is developed, which plays a key role in the construction of measure flows of those processes. The third part of the book studies a class of Ornstein-Uhlenbeck type processes in Hilbert spaces defined by generalized Mehler semigroups, which arise naturally in fluctuation limit theorems of the immigration superprocesses. This volume is aimed at researchers in measure-valued processes, branching processes, stochastic analysis, biological and genetic models, and graduate students in probability theory and stochastic processes.
Preface to the Second Edition.- Preface to the First Edition.- Conventions and Notations.-
1. Random Measures on Metric Spaces.-
2. Measure-Valued Branching Processes.-
3. One-Dimensional Branching Processes.-
4. Branching Particle Systems.-
5. Basic Regularities of Superprocesses.-
6. Constructions by Transformations.-
7. Martingale Problems of Superprocesses.-
8. Entrance Laws and Kuznetsov Measures.-
9. Structures of Independent Immigration.-
10. One-Dimensional Stochastic Equations.-
11. Path-Valued Processes and Stochastic Flows.-
12. State-Dependent Immigration Structures.-
13. Generalized Ornstein-Uhlenbeck Processes.-
14. Small-Branching Fluctuation Limits.- A. Markov Processes.- References.- Subject Index.- Symbol Index.
Format: Hardback, 292 pages, height x width: 235x155 mm, 150 Illustrations, color; 22 Illustrations, black and white; VIII, 292 p. 172 illus., 150 illus. in color
Series: Springer Optimization and Its Applications 200
Pub. Date: 20-Apr-2023
ISBN-13: 9783031248115
Description
This volume consists of 14 contributed chapters written by leading experts, offering in-depth discussions of the mathematical modeling and algorithmic aspects for tackling a range of space engineering applications. This book will be of interest to researchers and practitioners working in the field of space engineering. Since it offers an in-depth exposition of the mathematical modelling, algorithmic and numerical solution aspects of the topics covered, the book will also be useful to aerospace engineering graduates and post-graduate students who wish to expand their knowledge by studying real-world applications and challenges that they will encounter in their profession. Readers will obtain a broad overview of some of the most challenging space engineering operational scenarios of today and tomorrow: this will be useful for managers in the aerospace field, as well as in other industrial sectors. The contributed chapters are mainly focused on space engineering practice. Researchers and practitioners in mathematical systems modelling, operations research, optimization, and optimal control will also benefit from the case studies presented in this book. The model development and optimization approaches discussed can be extended towards other application areas that are not directly related to space engineering. Therefore, the book can be a useful reference to assist in the development of new modelling and optimization applications.
Advances in the Control Propellant Minimization for the Next Generation Gravity Mission (A. Anselmi ).- Transition of Two-dimensional Quasi-periodic Invariant Tori in the Real-ephemeris Model of the Earth-Moon System (N. Baresi).- Hypersonic Point-to-Point Travel for the Common Man (E. Mooij).- Bifocal Metrology Applications in Space Engineering (F. Bresciani).- A Revisited Analysis of the Radioisotope Sail and its Possible Application to Relativistic Spaceflight (L. Derosa).- The ERC-Funded EXTREMA Project: Achieving Self-Driving Interplanetary CubeSats (G. Di Domenico).- Data Reduction for Optimizing the Attitude Control Dispatch in a Spacecraft (C. Durand).- Second Order Sufficient Conditions of Strong Minimality with applications to Orbital Transfers (L. Mazzini).- Evolutionary Optimisation of a Flexible-Launcher Simple Adaptive Control System (E. Mooij).- Optimization and Solution Approaches in Utilizing Wireless Sensor Networks for Exploring Moon Planets and Space (O. Ozkan).- Near-Optimal Guidance and Pulse-Modulated Reduced Attitude Control for Orbit Injection (M. Pontani).- A Pareto front numerical reconstruction strategy applied to a satellite system conceptual design (M. Sebastian).- Indirect optimization of robust orbit transfer considering thruster underperformance (F. Simeoni).- Time-Varying Lyapunov Control Laws with Enhanced Estimation of Distribution Algorithm for Low-Thrust Trajectory Design (R. Armellin).
Format: Hardback, 196 pages, height x width: 235x155 mm, 54 Illustrations, color; 6 Illustrations, black and white; XXV, 196 p. 60 illus., 54 illus. in color
Series: Fundamental Theories of Physics 210
Pub. Date: 07-Apr-2023
ISBN-13: 9783031252136
This self-contained monograph provides a mathematically simple and physically meaningful model which unifies gravity, electromagnetism, optics and even some quantum behavior. The simplicity of the model is achieved by working in the frame of an inertial observer and by using a physically meaningful least action principle. The authors introduce an extension of the Principle of Inertia. This gives rise to a simple, physically meaningful action function. Visualizations of the geometryare obtained by plotting the action function. These visualizations may be used to compare the geometries of different types of fields. Moreover, a new understanding of the energy-momentum of a field emerges. The relativistic dynamics derived here properly describes motion of massive and massless objects under the influence of a gravitational and/or an electromagnetic field, and under the influence of isotropic media. The reader will learn how to compute the precession of Mercury, the deflection of light, and the Shapiro time delay. Also covered is the relativistic motion of binary stars, including the generation of gravitational waves, a derivation of Snell's Law and a relativistic description of spin. We derive a complex-valued prepotential of an electromagnetic field. The prepotential is similar to the wave function in quantum mechanics. The mathematics is accessible to students after standard courses in multivariable calculus and linear algebra. For those unfamiliar with tensors and the calculus of variations, these topics are developed rigorously in the opening chapters. The unifying model presented here should prove useful to upper undergraduate and graduate students, as well as to seasoned researchers.
1. Introduction.-
2. Classical Dynamics.-
3. The Lorentz Transformations and Minkowski Space.-
4. The Geometric Model of Relativistic Dynamics.-
5. The Electromagnetic Field in Vacuum.-
6. The Gravitational Field.-
7. Motion of Light and Charges in Isotropic Media .-
8. Spin and Complexified Minkowski Spacetime.-
9. The Prepotential.